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How Does Alkali Aid Protein Extraction in Green Tea Leaf Residue: A Basis for Integrated Biorefinery of Leaves
Leaf protein can be obtained cost-efficiently by alkaline extraction, but overuse of chemicals and low quality of (denatured) protein limits its application. The research objective was to investigate how alkali aids protein extraction of green tea leaf residue, and use these results for further impr...
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| Published in: | PloS one 2015-07, Vol.10 (7), p.e0133046-e0133046 |
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| creator | Zhang, Chen Sanders, Johan P M Xiao, Ting T Bruins, Marieke E |
| description | Leaf protein can be obtained cost-efficiently by alkaline extraction, but overuse of chemicals and low quality of (denatured) protein limits its application. The research objective was to investigate how alkali aids protein extraction of green tea leaf residue, and use these results for further improvements in alkaline protein biorefinery. Protein extraction yield was studied for correlation to morphology of leaf tissue structure, protein solubility and hydrolysis degree, and yields of non-protein components obtained at various conditions. Alkaline protein extraction was not facilitated by increased solubility or hydrolysis of protein, but positively correlated to leaf tissue disruption. HG pectin, RGII pectin, and organic acids were extracted before protein extraction, which was followed by the extraction of cellulose and hemi-cellulose. RGI pectin and lignin were both linear to protein yield. The yields of these two components were 80% and 25% respectively when 95% protein was extracted, which indicated that RGI pectin is more likely to be the key limitation to leaf protein extraction. An integrated biorefinery was designed based on these results. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0133046 |
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The research objective was to investigate how alkali aids protein extraction of green tea leaf residue, and use these results for further improvements in alkaline protein biorefinery. Protein extraction yield was studied for correlation to morphology of leaf tissue structure, protein solubility and hydrolysis degree, and yields of non-protein components obtained at various conditions. Alkaline protein extraction was not facilitated by increased solubility or hydrolysis of protein, but positively correlated to leaf tissue disruption. HG pectin, RGII pectin, and organic acids were extracted before protein extraction, which was followed by the extraction of cellulose and hemi-cellulose. RGI pectin and lignin were both linear to protein yield. The yields of these two components were 80% and 25% respectively when 95% protein was extracted, which indicated that RGI pectin is more likely to be the key limitation to leaf protein extraction. An integrated biorefinery was designed based on these results.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133046</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26200774</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>acid ; Agricultural biotechnology ; AID protein ; Alkalies - isolation & purification ; antioxidant activity ; biomass ; Biorefineries ; Biotechnology - methods ; Carbohydrates ; cell-walls ; Cellulose ; Chemistry ; Correlation analysis ; degradation ; Food ; functional-properties ; Green tea ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Leaves ; Lignin ; Lignin - isolation & purification ; Organic acids ; Pectin ; pectins ; Pectins - isolation & purification ; Plant Leaves - chemistry ; Plant Leaves - metabolism ; Plant Proteins - isolation & purification ; Plant tissues ; Polyphenols ; Protein structure ; Proteins ; Refining ; Solubility ; sugar-beet ; Tea ; Tea - chemistry ; Tea - metabolism ; Yield</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2015-07, Vol.10 (7), p.e0133046-e0133046</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2015 Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2015 Zhang et al 2015 Zhang et al</rights><rights>Wageningen University & Research</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c743t-ae6cc80cf653bc18263fd8adca9cd4c77fc80866f2e7e4312d50ff134c844ff03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c743t-ae6cc80cf653bc18263fd8adca9cd4c77fc80866f2e7e4312d50ff134c844ff03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1698024859/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1698024859?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25751,27922,27923,37010,37011,44588,53789,53791,74896</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26200774$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Mao, Jingdong</contributor><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Chen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanders, Johan P M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Ting T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bruins, Marieke E</creatorcontrib><title>How Does Alkali Aid Protein Extraction in Green Tea Leaf Residue: A Basis for Integrated Biorefinery of Leaves</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Leaf protein can be obtained cost-efficiently by alkaline extraction, but overuse of chemicals and low quality of (denatured) protein limits its application. The research objective was to investigate how alkali aids protein extraction of green tea leaf residue, and use these results for further improvements in alkaline protein biorefinery. Protein extraction yield was studied for correlation to morphology of leaf tissue structure, protein solubility and hydrolysis degree, and yields of non-protein components obtained at various conditions. Alkaline protein extraction was not facilitated by increased solubility or hydrolysis of protein, but positively correlated to leaf tissue disruption. HG pectin, RGII pectin, and organic acids were extracted before protein extraction, which was followed by the extraction of cellulose and hemi-cellulose. RGI pectin and lignin were both linear to protein yield. The yields of these two components were 80% and 25% respectively when 95% protein was extracted, which indicated that RGI pectin is more likely to be the key limitation to leaf protein extraction. An integrated biorefinery was designed based on these results.</description><subject>acid</subject><subject>Agricultural biotechnology</subject><subject>AID protein</subject><subject>Alkalies - isolation & purification</subject><subject>antioxidant activity</subject><subject>biomass</subject><subject>Biorefineries</subject><subject>Biotechnology - methods</subject><subject>Carbohydrates</subject><subject>cell-walls</subject><subject>Cellulose</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>degradation</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>functional-properties</subject><subject>Green tea</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Hydrolysis</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Lignin</subject><subject>Lignin - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Organic acids</subject><subject>Pectin</subject><subject>pectins</subject><subject>Pectins - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - metabolism</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Plant tissues</subject><subject>Polyphenols</subject><subject>Protein structure</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Refining</subject><subject>Solubility</subject><subject>sugar-beet</subject><subject>Tea</subject><subject>Tea - chemistry</subject><subject>Tea - metabolism</subject><subject>Yield</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk9tuEzEQhlcIREvhDRBYqoTgIsGnPfUCKS2ljRSpqBRuLa93nLg4drB3e3h7vE1aNagXaKW1d_z9vzyzM1n2luAxYSX5fOn74KQdr7yDMSaMYV48y3ZJzeiooJg9f7TfyV7FeIlxzqqieJnt0BTEZcl3M3fqr9FXDxFN7G9pDZqYFn0PvgPj0PFNF6TqjHcofZ0EAIcuQKIZSI3OIZq2hwM0QYcymoi0D2jqOpgH2UGLDo0PoI2DcIu8HjRXEF9nL7S0Ed5s1r3s57fji6PT0ezsZHo0mY1UyVk3klAoVWGli5w1ilS0YLqtZKtkrVquylKn05SKplACZ4S2OdaaMK4qzrXGbC97v_ZdWR_FplRRkKKuMOVVXidiuiZaLy_FKpilDLfCSyPuAj7MhQydURYELvJSapzjmqlkT2vKmgYIKXUlG9pA8jpYe13LOTjj0ks4GZSJd4bWNGEwv-6DcHZYVn0TBa_qsiBJ_GVz1b5ZQqvApaLbrRttnzizEHN_JXhOSF4VyeDjxiD4Pz3ETixNVGCtdOD7u6RrXmNc0ITu_4M-XZoNNZcpe-O0H9pgMBUTTmlJc1oNXuMnqPS0sDQqNaU2Kb4l-LQlSEwHN91c9jGK6Y_z_2fPfm2zHx6xC5C2W0Rv-6Fv4zbI16AKPsbUnA9FJlgMM3VfDTHMlNjMVJK9e_yDHkT3Q8T-Am3GHJc</recordid><startdate>20150722</startdate><enddate>20150722</enddate><creator>Zhang, Chen</creator><creator>Sanders, Johan P M</creator><creator>Xiao, Ting T</creator><creator>Bruins, Marieke E</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>QVL</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150722</creationdate><title>How Does Alkali Aid Protein Extraction in Green Tea Leaf Residue: A Basis for Integrated Biorefinery of Leaves</title><author>Zhang, Chen ; Sanders, Johan P M ; Xiao, Ting T ; Bruins, Marieke E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c743t-ae6cc80cf653bc18263fd8adca9cd4c77fc80866f2e7e4312d50ff134c844ff03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>acid</topic><topic>Agricultural biotechnology</topic><topic>AID protein</topic><topic>Alkalies - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>NARCIS:Publications</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Chen</au><au>Sanders, Johan P M</au><au>Xiao, Ting T</au><au>Bruins, Marieke E</au><au>Mao, Jingdong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>How Does Alkali Aid Protein Extraction in Green Tea Leaf Residue: A Basis for Integrated Biorefinery of Leaves</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2015-07-22</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0133046</spage><epage>e0133046</epage><pages>e0133046-e0133046</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Leaf protein can be obtained cost-efficiently by alkaline extraction, but overuse of chemicals and low quality of (denatured) protein limits its application. The research objective was to investigate how alkali aids protein extraction of green tea leaf residue, and use these results for further improvements in alkaline protein biorefinery. Protein extraction yield was studied for correlation to morphology of leaf tissue structure, protein solubility and hydrolysis degree, and yields of non-protein components obtained at various conditions. Alkaline protein extraction was not facilitated by increased solubility or hydrolysis of protein, but positively correlated to leaf tissue disruption. HG pectin, RGII pectin, and organic acids were extracted before protein extraction, which was followed by the extraction of cellulose and hemi-cellulose. RGI pectin and lignin were both linear to protein yield. The yields of these two components were 80% and 25% respectively when 95% protein was extracted, which indicated that RGI pectin is more likely to be the key limitation to leaf protein extraction. An integrated biorefinery was designed based on these results.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>26200774</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0133046</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Publicly Available Content (ProQuest); PubMed Central |
| subjects | acid Agricultural biotechnology AID protein Alkalies - isolation & purification antioxidant activity biomass Biorefineries Biotechnology - methods Carbohydrates cell-walls Cellulose Chemistry Correlation analysis degradation Food functional-properties Green tea Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Hydrolysis Leaves Lignin Lignin - isolation & purification Organic acids Pectin pectins Pectins - isolation & purification Plant Leaves - chemistry Plant Leaves - metabolism Plant Proteins - isolation & purification Plant tissues Polyphenols Protein structure Proteins Refining Solubility sugar-beet Tea Tea - chemistry Tea - metabolism Yield |
| title | How Does Alkali Aid Protein Extraction in Green Tea Leaf Residue: A Basis for Integrated Biorefinery of Leaves |
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