Paliurus Fruits from the Oligocene of South China and Their Phytogeographic Implications

• Published in: PloS one 2015-11, Vol.10 (11), p.e0140653-e0140653
• Main Authors: Dong, Jun-Ling, Sun, Bai-Nian, Ma, Fu-Jun, Wang, Qiu-Jun, Jin, Pei-Hong, Wang, Wen-Jia, Deng, Peng, Yang, Yi, Li, Xiao-Jing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Biological Evolution; Botany; Cenozoic; China; Dispersal; Dispersion; Earth science; Flora; Fossils; Fossils - anatomy & histology; Fruit - anatomy & histology; Fruits; Fruits (Food); Geography; Geology; Laboratories; Leaves; Lecythidaceae; Mineral resources; Morphology; Museums; Northern Hemisphere; Nutritional aspects; Oligocene; Paleontology; Paliurus; Phylogenetics; Phylogeography; Plant Leaves - anatomy & histology; Rhamnaceae; Rhamnaceae - anatomy & histology; Rhamnaceae - classification; Seeds; Stratigraphy
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140653

Paliurus favonii Unger is recognized and described based on fruits from the Oligocene Ningming flora of Guangxi, South China. Characteristics of the present specimens include circular winged fruits that are 10.0-11.5 mm in diameter with a central endocarp at 3.0 to 4.0 mm in diameter. The specimens fall into the morphological range of the fossil species P. favonii, which has been observed in other Cenozoic sites in the Northern Hemisphere. The present discovery represents the lowest latitude distribution of P. favonii in the world, and we are presenting the first P. favonii fossil described with detailed cuticular characteristics from China. Further, this finding demonstrates that the genus existed in the Oligocene Ningming region, South China, and provides new information for understanding the fossil history. The dispersal mode for winged fossils demonstrates that wind dispersal is well-represented in the Oligocene Ningming flora.