A Synthetic Lethality Screen Using a Focused siRNA Library to Identify Sensitizers to Dasatinib Therapy for the Treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

• Published in: PloS one 2015-12, Vol.10 (12), p.e0144126
• Main Authors: Pathak, Harsh B, Zhou, Yan, Sethi, Geetika, Hirst, Jeff, Schilder, Russell J, Golemis, Erica A, Godwin, Andrew K
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Apoptosis; Bioavailability; Bioinformatics; Biology; Biomarkers; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Cancer treatment; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Casein kinase II; Casein Kinase II - antagonists & inhibitors; Catalysis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell proliferation; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Clinical trials; Dasatinib - pharmacology; Disease; Drug dosages; Drug Synergism; Dystroglycans - antagonists & inhibitors; Enzyme inhibitors; Enzymes; Epidermal growth factor receptors; ErbB-2 protein; Female; Gene expression; Gene Library; Gene silencing; Genes; Genetic engineering; Genetic screening; Genomes; GRB2 Adaptor Protein - antagonists & inhibitors; Grb2 protein; Humans; Inhibitors; Kinases; Laboratories; Lethality; Libraries; Medical research; Medicine; Naphthyridines - pharmacology; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial - drug therapy; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial - metabolism; Ovarian cancer; Ovarian carcinoma; Ovarian Neoplasms - drug therapy; Ovarian Neoplasms - metabolism; Pathology; Patients; Phosphorylation; Protein kinase C; Protein Kinase C-epsilon - antagonists & inhibitors; Protein-tyrosine kinase; Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-vav - antagonists & inhibitors; Response rates; RNA, Small Interfering - metabolism; Rodents; Scaffolding; Screening; Sensitivity; Sensitivity analysis; Signal transduction; siRNA; Survival; Synergism; Target recognition; Tumors; Tyrosine
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144126

Molecular targeted therapies have been the focus of recent clinical trials for the treatment of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The majority have not fared well as monotherapies for improving survival of these patients. Poor bioavailability, lack of predictive biomarkers, and the presence of multiple survival pathways can all diminish the success of a targeted agent. Dasatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the Src-family kinases (SFK) and in preclinical studies shown to have substantial activity in EOC. However, when evaluated in a phase 2 clinical trial for patients with recurrent or persistent EOC, it was found to have minimal activity. We hypothesized that synthetic lethality screens performed using a cogently designed siRNA library would identify second-site molecular targets that could synergize with SFK inhibition and improve dasatinib efficacy. Using a systematic approach, we performed primary siRNA screening using a library focused on 638 genes corresponding to a network centered on EGFR, HER2, and the SFK-scaffolding proteins BCAR1, NEDD9, and EFS to screen EOC cells in combination with dasatinib. We followed up with validation studies including deconvolution screening, quantitative PCR to confirm effective gene silencing, correlation of gene expression with dasatinib sensitivity, and assessment of the clinical relevance of hits using TCGA ovarian cancer data. A refined list of five candidates (CSNK2A1, DAG1, GRB2, PRKCE, and VAV1) was identified as showing the greatest potential for improving sensitivity to dasatinib in EOC. Of these, CSNK2A1, which codes for the catalytic alpha subunit of protein kinase CK2, was selected for additional evaluation. Synergistic activity of the clinically relevant inhibitor of CK2, CX-4945, with dasatinib in reducing cell proliferation and increasing apoptosis was observed across multiple EOC cell lines. This overall approach to improving drug efficacy can be applied to other targeted agents that have similarly shown poor clinical activity.