"Willing to Pay?" Tax Compliance in Britain and Italy: An Experimental Analysis

• Published in: PloS one 2016-02, Vol.11 (2), p.e0150277-e0150277
• Main Authors: Zhang, Nan, Andrighetto, Giulia, Ottone, Stefania, Ponzano, Ferruccio, Steinmo, Sven
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analysis; Attitude; Biology and Life Sciences; Cheating; Confidentiality; Cooperative Behavior; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Cultural Characteristics; Cultural differences; Decision Making; Demographic aspects; Experiments; Female; Games, Experimental; Gender; Humans; Institutions; Italy; Laboratory experiments; Male; Middle Aged; Moral Obligations; Morality; People and Places; Political science; Politics; Remuneration; Social Sciences; Stereotyping; Tax evasion; Taxation; Taxes; Taxpayer compliance; United Kingdom; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150277

As shown by the recent crisis, tax evasion poses a significant problem for countries such as Greece, Spain and Italy. While these societies certainly possess weaker fiscal institutions as compared to other EU members, might broader cultural differences between northern and southern Europe also help to explain citizens' (un)willingness to pay their taxes? To address this question, we conduct laboratory experiments in the UK and Italy, two countries which straddle this North-South divide. Our design allows us to examine citizens' willingness to contribute to public goods via taxes while holding institutions constant. We report a surprising result: when faced with identical tax institutions, redistribution rules and audit probabilities, Italian participants are significantly more likely to comply than Britons. Overall, our findings cast doubt upon "culturalist" arguments that would attribute cross-country differences in tax compliance to the lack of morality amongst southern European taxpayers.