New Strains Intended for the Production of Inactivated Polio Vaccine at Low-Containment After Eradication

• Published in: PLoS pathogens 2015-12, Vol.11 (12), p.e1005316-e1005316
• Main Authors: Knowlson, Sarah, Burlison, John, Giles, Elaine, Fox, Helen, Macadam, Andrew J, Minor, Philip D
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antigens; Confidence intervals; Control; Experiments; Funding; Humans; Poliomyelitis; Poliomyelitis - prevention & control; Poliovirus; Poliovirus - genetics; Poliovirus - immunology; Poliovirus Vaccines - immunology; Vaccines; Vaccines, Attenuated - immunology; Viruses
• ISSN: 1553-7374; 1553-7366; 1553-7374
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005316

Poliomyelitis has nearly been eradicated through the efforts of the World Health Organization's Global Eradication Initiative raising questions on containment of the virus after it has been eliminated in the wild. Most manufacture of inactivated polio vaccines currently requires the growth of large amounts of highly virulent poliovirus, and release from a production facility after eradication could be disastrous; WHO have therefore recommended the use of the attenuated Sabin strains for production as a safer option although it is recognised that they can revert to a transmissible paralytic form. We have exploited the understanding of the molecular virology of the Sabin vaccine strains to design viruses that are extremely genetically stable and hyperattenuated. The viruses are based on the type 3 Sabin vaccine strain and have been genetically modified in domain V of the 5' non-coding region by changing base pairs to produce a cassette into which capsid regions of other serotypes have been introduced. The viruses give satisfactory yields of antigenically and immunogenically correct viruses in culture, are without measurable neurovirulence and fail to infect non-human primates under conditions where the Sabin strains will do so.