Dietary Fatty Acids Differentially Associate with Fasting Versus 2-Hour Glucose Homeostasis: Implications for The Management of Subtypes of Prediabetes

• Published in: PloS one 2016-03, Vol.11 (3), p.e0150148-e0150148
• Main Authors: Guess, Nicola, Perreault, Leigh, Kerege, Anna, Strauss, Allison, Bergman, Bryan C
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Athletes; Biology and Life Sciences; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Blood glucose test; Consent; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diet; Dietary Fats - metabolism; Dietary intake; Disease control; Endocrinology; Epidemics; Family medical history; Fasting; Fasting - blood; Fasting - metabolism; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids - metabolism; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - metabolism; Female; Glucose; Glucose tolerance; Glucose Tolerance Test; Health aspects; Health care; Homeostasis; Humans; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Laboratory testing; Lipids; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Muscles; Musculoskeletal system; Nutrition; Nutrition research; Obesity; Oils & fats; Physical Sciences; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Prediabetic state; Prediabetic State - blood; Prediabetic State - metabolism; Prediabetic State - therapy; Questionnaires; Regression Analysis; Review boards; Skeletal muscle; Studies
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150148

Over-nutrition has fuelled the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes, but the role of individual macronutrients to the diabetogenic process is not well delineated. We aimed to examine the impact of dietary fatty acid intake on fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose concentrations, as well as tissue-specific insulin action governing each. Normoglycemic controls (n = 15), athletes (n = 14), and obese (n = 23), as well as people with prediabetes (n = 10) and type 2 diabetes (n = 11), were queried about their habitual diet using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. All subjects were screened by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and studied using the hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp with infusion of 6,62H2-glucose. Multiple regression was performed to examine relationships between dietary fat intake and 1) fasting plasma glucose, 2) % suppression of endogenous glucose production, 3) 2-hour post-OGTT plasma glucose, and 4) skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity (glucose rate of disappearance (Rd) and non-oxidative glucose disposal (NOGD)). The %kcal from saturated fat (SFA) was positively associated with fasting (β = 0.303, P = 0.018) and 2-hour plasma glucose (β = 0.415, P