Pre-Hypertension among Young Adults (20-30 Years) in Coastal Villages of Udupi District in Southern India: An Alarming Scenario

• Published in: PloS one 2016-04, Vol.11 (4), p.e0154538-e0154538
• Main Authors: Kini, Sanjay, Kamath, Veena G, Kulkarni, Muralidhar M, Kamath, Asha, Shivalli, Siddharudha
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Adults; Age; Age groups; Alcohol; Alcoholic beverages; Anthropometry; Biology and Life Sciences; Blood; Blood pressure; Cardiovascular disease; Cholesterol; Coasts; Cooking; Cooking oils; Cross-Sectional Studies; Demographic variables; Demographics; Diabetes; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Female; Genetics; Habits; Health aspects; Health care; Humans; Hypertension; India - epidemiology; Life Style; Literacy; Logistic Models; Male; Meals; Medicine and Health Sciences; Obesity; Obesity - complications; Occupations; Odds Ratio; Oils & fats; People and Places; Physical activity; Population; Population studies; Prehypertension - complications; Prehypertension - epidemiology; Prevalence; Prevention; Preventive medicine; Random sampling; Regression analysis; Risk Factors; Rural areas; Rural communities; Salts; Sample size; Tobacco; Villages; Young Adult; Young adults
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154538

According to Joint National Committee-7 (JNC-7) guidelines, a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 to 139 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 80 to 89 mm Hg is considered as pre-hypertension. Existing evidence suggest that the cardiovascular morbidities are increasing among pre-hypertensive individuals compared to normal. To assess the magnitude and factors associated with pre-hypertension among young adults (20-30 years) in coastal villages of Udupi Taluk (an area of land with a city or town that serves as its administrative centre and usually a number of villages), Udupi District, Karnataka state, India. Community based cross sectional study. 6 (out of total 14) coastal villages of Udupi Taluk, Karnataka state, India. 1,152 young adults (age group: 20-30 years) selected by stratified random sampling in 6 coastal villages of Udupi Taluk, Karnataka state, India. A semi structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit the details on socio-demographic variables, dietary habits, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, family history of hypertension and stress levels. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were recorded according to standard protocols. Serum cholesterol was measured in a sub sample of the study population. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify the independent correlates of pre-hypertension among young adults (20-30 years). Prevalence, Odds ratio (OR) and adjusted (adj) OR for pre-hypertension among young adults (20-30 years). The prevalence of pre-hypertension in the study population was 45.2% (95%CI: 42.4-48). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age group of 25-30 years (adj OR: 4.25, 95% CI: 2.99-6.05), white collared (adj OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.08-4.85) and skilled occupation (adj OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 1.64-6.42), students (adj OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.22-4.95), using refined cooking oil (adj OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29-0.95), extra salt in meals (adj OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.52-3.99), salty food items (adj OR: 6.99, 95% CI: 3.63-13.48), pre-obese (adj OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.03-2.67) and obese (adj OR: 9.16, 95% CI: 2.54, 36.4) were the significant correlates of pre-hypertension. In the study population, prevalence of pre-hypertension among young adults (20-30 years) was high (45.2%). Biological (age 25-30 years, pre-obesity and obesity) and behavioral (sedentary occupation, intake of extra salt in meals/salty food and not using refined cooking oil) factors were associated with pre-hyperte