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Sequential Washing with Electrolyzed Alkaline and Acidic Water Effectively Removes Pathogens from Metal Surfaces
Removal of pathogenic organisms from reprocessed surgical instruments is essential to prevent iatrogenic infections. Some bacteria can make persistent biofilms on medical devices. Contamination of non-disposable equipment with prions also represents a serious risk to surgical patients. Efficient dis...
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| Published in: | PloS one 2016-05, Vol.11 (5), p.e0156058-e0156058 |
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| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-199c45d4c19e187140c86add73a1864721212b00d607a90218a4792e31d0ad233 |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-199c45d4c19e187140c86add73a1864721212b00d607a90218a4792e31d0ad233 |
| container_end_page | e0156058 |
| container_issue | 5 |
| container_start_page | e0156058 |
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| creator | Nakano, Yuichiro Akamatsu, Norihiko Mori, Tsuyoshi Sano, Kazunori Satoh, Katsuya Nagayasu, Takeshi Miyoshi, Yoshiaki Sugio, Tomomi Sakai, Hideyuki Sakae, Eiji Ichimiya, Kazuko Hamada, Masahisa Nakayama, Takehisa Fujita, Yuhzo Yanagihara, Katsunori Nishida, Noriyuki |
| description | Removal of pathogenic organisms from reprocessed surgical instruments is essential to prevent iatrogenic infections. Some bacteria can make persistent biofilms on medical devices. Contamination of non-disposable equipment with prions also represents a serious risk to surgical patients. Efficient disinfection of prions from endoscopes and other instruments such as high-resolution cameras remains problematic because these instruments do not tolerate aggressive chemical or heat treatments. Herein, we develop a new washing system that uses both the alkaline and acidic water produced by electrolysis. Electrolyzed acidic water, containing HCl and HOCl as active substances, has been reported to be an effective disinfectant. A 0.15% NaCl solution was electrolyzed and used immediately to wash bio-contaminated stainless steel model systems with alkaline water (pH 11.9) with sonication, and then with acidic water (pH 2.7) without sonication. Two bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a fungus (Candida albicans) were effectively removed or inactivated by the washing process. In addition, this process effectively removed or inactivated prions from the stainless steel surfaces. This washing system will be potentially useful for the disinfection of clinical devices such as neuroendoscopes because electrolyzed water is gentle to both patients and equipment and is environmentally sound. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0156058 |
| format | article |
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Some bacteria can make persistent biofilms on medical devices. Contamination of non-disposable equipment with prions also represents a serious risk to surgical patients. Efficient disinfection of prions from endoscopes and other instruments such as high-resolution cameras remains problematic because these instruments do not tolerate aggressive chemical or heat treatments. Herein, we develop a new washing system that uses both the alkaline and acidic water produced by electrolysis. Electrolyzed acidic water, containing HCl and HOCl as active substances, has been reported to be an effective disinfectant. A 0.15% NaCl solution was electrolyzed and used immediately to wash bio-contaminated stainless steel model systems with alkaline water (pH 11.9) with sonication, and then with acidic water (pH 2.7) without sonication. Two bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a fungus (Candida albicans) were effectively removed or inactivated by the washing process. In addition, this process effectively removed or inactivated prions from the stainless steel surfaces. This washing system will be potentially useful for the disinfection of clinical devices such as neuroendoscopes because electrolyzed water is gentle to both patients and equipment and is environmentally sound.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156058</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27223116</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acidic water ; Alkaline water ; Bacteria ; Biofilms ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cameras ; Candida albicans ; Contamination ; Disinfection ; Disinfection - methods ; Drinking water ; Electrolysis ; Endoscopes ; Fungi ; Health aspects ; Heat treatment ; Heat treatments ; Hospitals ; Hydrogen Peroxide - chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunology ; Infection control ; Infections ; Laboratories ; Maintenance and repair ; Medical devices ; Medical electronics ; Medical equipment ; Medical instruments ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metal surfaces ; Methods ; Patients ; pH effects ; Physical Sciences ; Prion protein ; Prions ; Proteins ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Sodium chloride ; Sonication ; Stainless Steel ; Stainless steels ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Surface Properties ; Surgery ; Surgical apparatus & instruments ; Surgical instruments ; Test methods ; University graduates ; Virology ; Washing</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-05, Vol.11 (5), p.e0156058-e0156058</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Nakano et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Some bacteria can make persistent biofilms on medical devices. Contamination of non-disposable equipment with prions also represents a serious risk to surgical patients. Efficient disinfection of prions from endoscopes and other instruments such as high-resolution cameras remains problematic because these instruments do not tolerate aggressive chemical or heat treatments. Herein, we develop a new washing system that uses both the alkaline and acidic water produced by electrolysis. Electrolyzed acidic water, containing HCl and HOCl as active substances, has been reported to be an effective disinfectant. A 0.15% NaCl solution was electrolyzed and used immediately to wash bio-contaminated stainless steel model systems with alkaline water (pH 11.9) with sonication, and then with acidic water (pH 2.7) without sonication. Two bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a fungus (Candida albicans) were effectively removed or inactivated by the washing process. In addition, this process effectively removed or inactivated prions from the stainless steel surfaces. This washing system will be potentially useful for the disinfection of clinical devices such as neuroendoscopes because electrolyzed water is gentle to both patients and equipment and is environmentally sound.</description><subject>Acidic water</subject><subject>Alkaline water</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biofilms</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cameras</subject><subject>Candida albicans</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Disinfection</subject><subject>Disinfection - methods</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Electrolysis</subject><subject>Endoscopes</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Heat treatment</subject><subject>Heat treatments</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Hydrogen Peroxide - chemistry</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Infection control</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Maintenance and repair</subject><subject>Medical devices</subject><subject>Medical electronics</subject><subject>Medical equipment</subject><subject>Medical instruments</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Metal surfaces</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Prion protein</subject><subject>Prions</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Sodium chloride</subject><subject>Sonication</subject><subject>Stainless Steel</subject><subject>Stainless steels</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus</subject><subject>Surface Properties</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Surgical apparatus & instruments</subject><subject>Surgical instruments</subject><subject>Test 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Kazunori</au><au>Satoh, Katsuya</au><au>Nagayasu, Takeshi</au><au>Miyoshi, Yoshiaki</au><au>Sugio, Tomomi</au><au>Sakai, Hideyuki</au><au>Sakae, Eiji</au><au>Ichimiya, Kazuko</au><au>Hamada, Masahisa</au><au>Nakayama, Takehisa</au><au>Fujita, Yuhzo</au><au>Yanagihara, Katsunori</au><au>Nishida, Noriyuki</au><au>Johnson, Christopher James</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sequential Washing with Electrolyzed Alkaline and Acidic Water Effectively Removes Pathogens from Metal Surfaces</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2016-05-25</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0156058</spage><epage>e0156058</epage><pages>e0156058-e0156058</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Removal of pathogenic organisms from reprocessed surgical instruments is essential to prevent iatrogenic infections. Some bacteria can make persistent biofilms on medical devices. Contamination of non-disposable equipment with prions also represents a serious risk to surgical patients. Efficient disinfection of prions from endoscopes and other instruments such as high-resolution cameras remains problematic because these instruments do not tolerate aggressive chemical or heat treatments. Herein, we develop a new washing system that uses both the alkaline and acidic water produced by electrolysis. Electrolyzed acidic water, containing HCl and HOCl as active substances, has been reported to be an effective disinfectant. A 0.15% NaCl solution was electrolyzed and used immediately to wash bio-contaminated stainless steel model systems with alkaline water (pH 11.9) with sonication, and then with acidic water (pH 2.7) without sonication. Two bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a fungus (Candida albicans) were effectively removed or inactivated by the washing process. In addition, this process effectively removed or inactivated prions from the stainless steel surfaces. This washing system will be potentially useful for the disinfection of clinical devices such as neuroendoscopes because electrolyzed water is gentle to both patients and equipment and is environmentally sound.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27223116</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0156058</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2016-05, Vol.11 (5), p.e0156058-e0156058 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1791324458 |
| source | Open Access: PubMed Central; ProQuest Publicly Available Content database |
| subjects | Acidic water Alkaline water Bacteria Biofilms Biology and Life Sciences Cameras Candida albicans Contamination Disinfection Disinfection - methods Drinking water Electrolysis Endoscopes Fungi Health aspects Heat treatment Heat treatments Hospitals Hydrogen Peroxide - chemistry Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Immunology Infection control Infections Laboratories Maintenance and repair Medical devices Medical electronics Medical equipment Medical instruments Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Metal surfaces Methods Patients pH effects Physical Sciences Prion protein Prions Proteins Pseudomonas aeruginosa Research and Analysis Methods Sodium chloride Sonication Stainless Steel Stainless steels Staphylococcus aureus Surface Properties Surgery Surgical apparatus & instruments Surgical instruments Test methods University graduates Virology Washing |
| title | Sequential Washing with Electrolyzed Alkaline and Acidic Water Effectively Removes Pathogens from Metal Surfaces |
| url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-21T14%3A18%3A57IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sequential%20Washing%20with%20Electrolyzed%20Alkaline%20and%20Acidic%20Water%20Effectively%20Removes%20Pathogens%20from%20Metal%20Surfaces&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Nakano,%20Yuichiro&rft.date=2016-05-25&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=e0156058&rft.epage=e0156058&rft.pages=e0156058-e0156058&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0156058&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA453359801%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-199c45d4c19e187140c86add73a1864721212b00d607a90218a4792e31d0ad233%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1791324458&rft_id=info:pmid/27223116&rft_galeid=A453359801&rfr_iscdi=true |