The Barley Powdery Mildew Effector Candidates CSEP0081 and CSEP0254 Promote Fungal Infection Success

Effectors play significant roles in the success of pathogens. Recent advances in genome sequencing have revealed arrays of effectors and effector candidates from a wide range of plant pathogens. Yet, the vast majority of them remain uncharacterized. Among the ~500 Candidate Secreted Effector Protein...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2016-06, Vol.11 (6), p.e0157586-e0157586
Main Authors: Ahmed, Ali Abdurehim, Pedersen, Carsten, Thordal-Christensen, Hans
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Airborne microorganisms
Apoptosis
Ascomycota - physiology
Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
Barley
Biology and Life Sciences
Blumeria graminis
Cell Nucleus - microbiology
Cytosol
Cytosol - microbiology
Defense mechanisms
DNA sequencing
Effectors
Environmental science
Fungal Proteins - metabolism
Fungi
Fusarium
Gene sequencing
Gene Silencing
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic engineering
Genomes
Haustoria
Hordeum - microbiology
Hordeum vulgare
Infections
Luminescent Proteins - metabolism
Mutation
Mycoses
Mycoses - microbiology
Nuclei
Nuclei (cytology)
Pathogens
Plant Diseases - microbiology
Plant Epidermis - cytology
Plant Leaves - cytology
Powdery mildew
Proteins
Risk factors
Soil sciences
Up-Regulation
Virulence
Virulence factors
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Summary:Effectors play significant roles in the success of pathogens. Recent advances in genome sequencing have revealed arrays of effectors and effector candidates from a wide range of plant pathogens. Yet, the vast majority of them remain uncharacterized. Among the ~500 Candidate Secreted Effector Proteins (CSEPs) predicted from the barley powdery mildew fungal genome, only a few have been studied and shown to have a function in virulence. Here, we provide evidence that CSEP0081 and CSEP0254 contribute to infection by the fungus. This was studied using Host-Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS), where independent silencing of the transcripts for these CSEPs significantly reduced the fungal penetration and haustoria formation rate. Both CSEPs are likely required during and after the formation of haustoria, in which their transcripts were found to be differentially expressed, rather than in epiphytic tissue. When expressed in barley leaf epidermal cells, both CSEPs appears to move freely between the cytosol and the nucleus, suggesting that their host targets locate in these cellular compartments. Collectively, our data suggest that, in addition to the previously reported effectors, the barley powdery mildew fungus utilizes these two CSEPs as virulence factors to enhance infection.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0157586