Yeast Biodiversity in Vineyard Environments Is Increased by Human Intervention

One hundred and five grape samples were collected during two consecutive years from 33 locations on seven oceanic islands of the Azores Archipelago. Grape samples were obtained from vineyards that were either abandoned or under regular cultivation involving common viticultural interventions, to eval...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2016-08, Vol.11 (8), p.e0160579-e0160579
Main Authors: Drumonde-Neves, João, Franco-Duarte, Ricardo, Lima, Teresa, Schuller, Dorit, Pais, Célia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agriculture - methods
Azores
Baking yeast
Berries
Biodiversity
Biology
Biology and Life Sciences
Biota
Candida
Cultivars
Cultivation
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Farms
Food
Grapes
Hanseniaspora uvarum
Homogeneity
Humans
Intervention
Islands
Issatchenkia
Microbiota
Mycobiome
Oceanic islands
Pichia
Pichia terricola
Rainfall
Saccharomyces
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Species
Vineyards
Vitaceae
Vitis - microbiology
Vitis rotundifolia
Vitis vinifera
Wine
Wineries
Wineries & vineyards
Wines
Yeast
Yeasts - genetics
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Summary:One hundred and five grape samples were collected during two consecutive years from 33 locations on seven oceanic islands of the Azores Archipelago. Grape samples were obtained from vineyards that were either abandoned or under regular cultivation involving common viticultural interventions, to evaluate the impact of regular human intervention on grape yeast biota diversity in vineyards. A total of 3150 yeast isolates were obtained and 23 yeast species were identified. The predominant species were Hanseniaspora uvarum, Pichia terricola, Starmerella bacillaris and Issatchenkia hanoiensis. The species Barnettozyma californica, Candida azymoides and Pichia cecembensis were reported in grapes or wine-associated environments for the first time. A higher biodiversity was found in active vineyards where regular human intervention takes place (Shannon index: 1.89 and 1.53 in the first and second years, respectively) when compared to the abandoned ones (Shannon index: 0.76 and 0.31). This finding goes against the assumptions that human intervention can destroy biodiversity and lead to homogeneity in the environment. Biodiversity indices were considerably lower in the year with the heaviest rainfall. This study is the first to report on the grape yeast communities from several abandoned vineyards that have undergone no human intervention.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0160579