The Effect of Cold Showering on Health and Work: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The aim of this study was to determine the cumulative effect of a routine (hot-to-) cold shower on sickness, quality of life and work productivity. Between January and March 2015, 3018 participants between 18 and 65 years without severe comorbidity and no routine experience of cold showering were ra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2016-09, Vol.11 (9), p.e0161749-e0161749
Main Authors: Buijze, Geert A, Sierevelt, Inger N, van der Heijden, Bas C J M, Dijkgraaf, Marcel G, Frings-Dresen, Monique H W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Absenteeism (Labor)
Adult
Adults
Analysis
Anxiety
Baths
Biology and Life Sciences
Clinical trials
Cold
Cold effects
Cold Temperature
Colds
Comorbidity
Cytokines
Employment
Ethics
Exercise
Female
Health Status
Hot Temperature
Humans
Illnesses
Male
Medicine and Health Sciences
Meditation
Middle Aged
Nervous system
People and Places
Productivity
Quality of life
Randomization
Reduction
Regression models
Research and Analysis Methods
Social Sciences
Statistical analysis
Water temperature
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Summary:The aim of this study was to determine the cumulative effect of a routine (hot-to-) cold shower on sickness, quality of life and work productivity. Between January and March 2015, 3018 participants between 18 and 65 years without severe comorbidity and no routine experience of cold showering were randomized (1:1:1:1) to a (hot-to-) cold shower for 30, 60, 90 seconds or a control group during 30 consecutive days followed by 60 days of showering cold at their own discretion for the intervention groups. The primary outcome was illness days and related sickness absence from work. Secondary outcomes were quality of life, work productivity, anxiety, thermal sensation and adverse reactions. 79% of participants in the interventions groups completed the 30 consecutive days protocol. A negative binomial regression model showed a 29% reduction in sickness absence for (hot-to-) cold shower regimen compared to the control group (incident rate ratio: 0.71, P = 0.003). For illness days there was no significant group effect. No related serious advents events were reported. A routine (hot-to-) cold shower resulted in a statistical reduction of self-reported sickness absence but not illness days in adults without severe comorbidity. Netherlands National Trial Register NTR5183.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0161749