Fire Usage and Ancient Hominin Detoxification Genes: Protective Ancestral Variants Dominate While Additional Derived Risk Variants Appear in Modern Humans

Studies of the defence capacity of ancient hominins against toxic substances may contribute importantly to the reconstruction of their niche, including their diets and use of fire. Fire usage implies frequent exposure to hazardous compounds from smoke and heated food, known to affect general health...

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Published in:PloS one 2016-09, Vol.11 (9), p.e0161102-e0161102
Main Authors: Aarts, Jac M M J G, Alink, Gerrit M, Scherjon, Fulco, MacDonald, Katharine, Smith, Alison C, Nijveen, Harm, Roebroeks, Wil
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alleles
Archaeology
Bioinformatica
Bioinformatics
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomass
Cancer
Chimpanzees
Cytochrome
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Detoxification
Diet
DNA
Earth Sciences
Epidemiology
EPS
Evolution
Exposure
Fertility
Food
Gene expression
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic polymorphisms
Genetic research
Holocene
Homo neanderthalensis
Homo sapiens denisova
Human populations
Laboratorium voor Moleculaire biologie
Laboratory animals
Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Leerstoelgroep Toxicologie
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mutation
Neanderthals
Oxidative stress
Pan troglodytes
Plant sciences
Smoke
Smoking
Social Sciences
Sub-department of Toxicology
Tobacco
Tobacco smoke
Toxic substances
Toxicologie
Toxicology
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a799t-4a34108af2499d46be1e55ebac3b6ad11a00074a0611c28e0279c2af460555b93
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container_issue 9
container_start_page e0161102
container_title PloS one
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creator Aarts, Jac M M J G
Alink, Gerrit M
Scherjon, Fulco
MacDonald, Katharine
Smith, Alison C
Nijveen, Harm
Roebroeks, Wil
description Studies of the defence capacity of ancient hominins against toxic substances may contribute importantly to the reconstruction of their niche, including their diets and use of fire. Fire usage implies frequent exposure to hazardous compounds from smoke and heated food, known to affect general health and fertility, probably resulting in genetic selection for improved detoxification. To investigate whether such genetic selection occurred, we investigated the alleles in Neanderthals, Denisovans and modern humans at gene polymorphisms well-known to be relevant from modern human epidemiological studies of habitual tobacco smoke exposure and mechanistic evidence. We compared these with the alleles in chimpanzees and gorillas. Neanderthal and Denisovan hominins predominantly possess gene variants conferring increased resistance to these toxic compounds. Surprisingly, we observed the same in chimpanzees and gorillas, implying that less efficient variants are derived and mainly evolved in modern humans. Less efficient variants are observable from the first early Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers onwards. While not clarifying the deep history of fire use, our results highlight the long-term stability of the genes under consideration despite major changes in the hominin dietary niche. Specifically for detoxification gene variants characterised as deleterious by epidemiological studies, our results confirm the predominantly recent appearance reported for deleterious human gene variants, suggesting substantial impact of recent human population history, including pre-Holocene expansions.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0161102
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subjects Alleles
Archaeology
Bioinformatica
Bioinformatics
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomass
Cancer
Chimpanzees
Cytochrome
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Detoxification
Diet
DNA
Earth Sciences
Epidemiology
EPS
Evolution
Exposure
Fertility
Food
Gene expression
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic polymorphisms
Genetic research
Holocene
Homo neanderthalensis
Homo sapiens denisova
Human populations
Laboratorium voor Moleculaire biologie
Laboratory animals
Laboratory of Molecular Biology
Leerstoelgroep Toxicologie
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mutation
Neanderthals
Oxidative stress
Pan troglodytes
Plant sciences
Smoke
Smoking
Social Sciences
Sub-department of Toxicology
Tobacco
Tobacco smoke
Toxic substances
Toxicologie
Toxicology
title Fire Usage and Ancient Hominin Detoxification Genes: Protective Ancestral Variants Dominate While Additional Derived Risk Variants Appear in Modern Humans
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