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Retrospective Attention Interacts with Stimulus Strength to Shape Working Memory Performance
Orienting attention retrospectively to selective contents in working memory (WM) influences performance. A separate line of research has shown that stimulus strength shapes perceptual representations. There is little research on how stimulus strength during encoding shapes WM performance, and how ef...
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description | Orienting attention retrospectively to selective contents in working memory (WM) influences performance. A separate line of research has shown that stimulus strength shapes perceptual representations. There is little research on how stimulus strength during encoding shapes WM performance, and how effects of retrospective orienting might vary with changes in stimulus strength. We explore these questions in three experiments using a continuous-recall WM task. In Experiment 1 we show that benefits of cueing spatial attention retrospectively during WM maintenance (retrocueing) varies according to stimulus contrast during encoding. Retrocueing effects emerge for supraliminal but not sub-threshold stimuli. However, once stimuli are supraliminal, performance is no longer influenced by stimulus contrast. In Experiments 2 and 3 we used a mixture-model approach to examine how different sources of error in WM are affected by contrast and retrocueing. For high-contrast stimuli (Experiment 2), retrocues increased the precision of successfully remembered items. For low-contrast stimuli (Experiment 3), retrocues decreased the probability of mistaking a target with distracters. These results suggest that the processes by which retrospective attentional orienting shape WM performance are dependent on the quality of WM representations, which in turn depends on stimulus strength during encoding. |
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A separate line of research has shown that stimulus strength shapes perceptual representations. There is little research on how stimulus strength during encoding shapes WM performance, and how effects of retrospective orienting might vary with changes in stimulus strength. We explore these questions in three experiments using a continuous-recall WM task. In Experiment 1 we show that benefits of cueing spatial attention retrospectively during WM maintenance (retrocueing) varies according to stimulus contrast during encoding. Retrocueing effects emerge for supraliminal but not sub-threshold stimuli. However, once stimuli are supraliminal, performance is no longer influenced by stimulus contrast. In Experiments 2 and 3 we used a mixture-model approach to examine how different sources of error in WM are affected by contrast and retrocueing. For high-contrast stimuli (Experiment 2), retrocues increased the precision of successfully remembered items. 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These results suggest that the processes by which retrospective attentional orienting shape WM performance are dependent on the quality of WM representations, which in turn depends on stimulus strength during encoding.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164174</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27706240</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Attention ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Brain research ; Coding ; Cognitive ability ; Consciousness ; Cues ; Experimental psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Memory ; Memory, Short-Term ; Noise ; Orientation ; Psychology ; Quality ; Recall ; Representations ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Shape memory ; Short term memory ; Social Sciences ; Stimuli ; Strength ; Studies ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Visual Perception ; Visual task performance ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-10, Vol.11 (10), p.e0164174-e0164174</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Wildegger et al. 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Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2016 Wildegger et al 2016 Wildegger et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c725t-fbf444eaada147c257cb0aa9df3ca6a0ee1546886c40fa77ca5c38910a7976863</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1826187000/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1826187000?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27706240$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Akyürek, Elkan G.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Wildegger, Theresa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Humphreys, Glyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nobre, Anna C</creatorcontrib><title>Retrospective Attention Interacts with Stimulus Strength to Shape Working Memory Performance</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Orienting attention retrospectively to selective contents in working memory (WM) influences performance. A separate line of research has shown that stimulus strength shapes perceptual representations. There is little research on how stimulus strength during encoding shapes WM performance, and how effects of retrospective orienting might vary with changes in stimulus strength. We explore these questions in three experiments using a continuous-recall WM task. In Experiment 1 we show that benefits of cueing spatial attention retrospectively during WM maintenance (retrocueing) varies according to stimulus contrast during encoding. Retrocueing effects emerge for supraliminal but not sub-threshold stimuli. However, once stimuli are supraliminal, performance is no longer influenced by stimulus contrast. In Experiments 2 and 3 we used a mixture-model approach to examine how different sources of error in WM are affected by contrast and retrocueing. For high-contrast stimuli (Experiment 2), retrocues increased the precision of successfully remembered items. 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A separate line of research has shown that stimulus strength shapes perceptual representations. There is little research on how stimulus strength during encoding shapes WM performance, and how effects of retrospective orienting might vary with changes in stimulus strength. We explore these questions in three experiments using a continuous-recall WM task. In Experiment 1 we show that benefits of cueing spatial attention retrospectively during WM maintenance (retrocueing) varies according to stimulus contrast during encoding. Retrocueing effects emerge for supraliminal but not sub-threshold stimuli. However, once stimuli are supraliminal, performance is no longer influenced by stimulus contrast. In Experiments 2 and 3 we used a mixture-model approach to examine how different sources of error in WM are affected by contrast and retrocueing. For high-contrast stimuli (Experiment 2), retrocues increased the precision of successfully remembered items. For low-contrast stimuli (Experiment 3), retrocues decreased the probability of mistaking a target with distracters. These results suggest that the processes by which retrospective attentional orienting shape WM performance are dependent on the quality of WM representations, which in turn depends on stimulus strength during encoding.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27706240</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0164174</doi><tpages>e0164174</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescent Adult Attention Biology and Life Sciences Brain research Coding Cognitive ability Consciousness Cues Experimental psychology Female Humans Male Medicine and Health Sciences Memory Memory, Short-Term Noise Orientation Psychology Quality Recall Representations Research and Analysis Methods Shape memory Short term memory Social Sciences Stimuli Strength Studies Task Performance and Analysis Visual Perception Visual task performance Young Adult |
title | Retrospective Attention Interacts with Stimulus Strength to Shape Working Memory Performance |
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