High Caveolin-1 Expression in Tumor Stroma Is Associated with a Favourable Outcome in Prostate Cancer Patients Managed by Watchful Waiting

• Published in: PloS one 2016-10, Vol.11 (10), p.e0164016-e0164016
• Main Authors: Hammarsten, Peter, Dahl Scherdin, Tove, Hägglöf, Christina, Andersson, Pernilla, Wikström, Pernilla, Stattin, Pär, Egevad, Lars, Granfors, Torvald, Bergh, Anders
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Analysis; Androgens; Antibodies; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics; Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism; Cancer; Cancer patients; Cancer surgery; Cancer therapies; Caveolin; Caveolin 1 - genetics; Caveolin 1 - metabolism; Caveolin-1; Cell cycle; Consent; Disease; Ethics; Gene expression; Growth factors; Hospitals; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Immunoreactivity; Male; Medical diagnosis; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metastasis; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Pathology; Patient outcomes; Patients; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Prostate cancer; Prostatic Neoplasms - metabolism; Prostatic Neoplasms - mortality; Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology; Proteins; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta - metabolism; Regression analysis; Regression models; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; Signal transduction; Stroma; Survival Analysis; Tissues; Tumors; Urological surgery; Urology; Watchful Waiting
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164016

In the present study we have investigated whether Caveolin-1 expression in non-malignant and malignant prostate tissue is a potential prognostic marker for outcome in prostate cancer patients managed by watchful waiting. Caveolin-1 was measured in prostate tissues obtained through transurethral resection of the prostate from 395 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. The majority of the patients (n = 298) were followed by watchful waiting after diagnosis. Tissue microarrays constructed from malignant and non-malignant prostate tissue were stained with an antibody against Caveolin-1. The staining pattern was scored and related to clinicopathologic parameters and outcome. Microdissection and qRT-PCR analysis of Cav-1 was done of the prostate stroma from non-malignant tissue and stroma from Gleason 3 and 4 tumors. Cav-1 RNA expression was highest in non-malignant tissue and decreased during cancer progression. High expression of Caveolin-1 in tumor stroma was associated with significantly longer cancer specific survival in prostate cancer patients. This association remained significant when Gleason score and local tumor stage were combined with Caveolin-1 in a Cox regression model. High stromal Caveolin-1 immunoreactivity in prostate tumors is associated with a favourable prognosis in prostate cancer patients managed by watchful waiting. Caveolin-1 could possibly become a useful prognostic marker for prostate cancer patients that are potential candidates for active surveillance.