Study on the Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and Clastogenic Potential of Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. Oil Pulp In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Models

• Published in: PloS one 2016-10, Vol.11 (10), p.e0165258-e0165258
• Main Authors: Freitas de Lima, Fernando, Lima Tolouei Menegati, Sara Emilia, Karenina Traesel, Giseli, Souza de Araújo, Flávio Henrique, Honaiser Lescano, Caroline, Moraes Peixoto, Sara, Mao Silva, Felipe Ariel, Heredia Vieira, Silvia Cristina, do Carmo Vieira, Maria, Oesterreich, Silvia Aparecida
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analysis; Animals; Antimicrobial agents; Arecaceae; Arecaceae - chemistry; Arecaceae - metabolism; Artemia; Artemia salina; Attalea; Attalea phalerata; Bioassays; Biocompatibility; Biological assays; Biology and Life Sciences; Bromine compounds; Carotenoids; Carotenoids - analysis; Cell death; Cell Survival - drug effects; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Clastogenicity; Comet Assay; Cytotoxicity; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA damage; DNA Damage - drug effects; Erythrocytes; Erythrocytes - cytology; Erythrocytes - drug effects; Female; Fruits; Genotoxicity; Herbal medicine; In vivo methods and tests; Linear Models; Male; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Micronucleus Tests; Models, Biological; Nuts; Oil; Oils & fats; Oral administration; Pain; Pharmaceutical industry; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - toxicity; Plant Oils - chemistry; Potassium; Product development; Publishing; Pulp; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Red blood cells; Research and analysis methods; Science; Solvents; Studies; Toxicity; Toxicology
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165258

Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. (Arecaceae), popularly known as "bacuri", is used in Brazilian folk medicine. Its oil is used orally to relieve pulmonary congestion and joint pain. In topical applications, it is applied as an effective hair tonic and anti-dandruff. The in natura pulp and its nuts are used as food because of its nutritional value. Despite its use in folk medicine, there is a lack of data regarding its in vivo/in vitro cytotoxic/genotoxic and clastogenic effects. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic and clastogenic effects of Attalea phalerata Mart. ex Spreng. oil (APMO) in vitro and in vivo. For the analysis of cytotoxic potential, the Artemia salina and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethizzol-zyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays were performed. Possible cytotoxic, genotoxic and clastogenic effects of APMO intake were determined by performing the comet and micronucleus assays. Male and female Wistar rats were orally treated with doses of 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg.kg-1 of the APMO daily for 28 consecutive days (four weeks). The results showed that the APMO did not induce cell death in the experiments of Artemia salina and MTT, indicating that it has no cytotoxicity. The APMO did not cause significant damage to the DNA of the rats in the four doses used when compared to the negative control group (saline + Tween® 80). The APMO did not present any significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) for the four tested doses. When compared to the positive control group, all groups (comet and micronucleus tests) were statistically different. These data suggest that the administration of Attalea phalerata Mart oil. ex Spreng does not cause cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and clastogenicity in experimental models in vitro and in vivo following oral administration in this study.