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Exposure to a Highly Caloric Palatable Diet during the Perinatal Period Affects the Expression of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System in the Brain, Liver and Adipose Tissue of Adult Rat Offspring
Recent studies have linked gestational exposure to highly caloric diets with a disrupted endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS). In the present study, we have extended these studies by analyzing the impact of the exposure to a palatable diet during gestation and lactation on a) the adult expression of...
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Published in: | PloS one 2016-11, Vol.11 (11), p.e0165432 |
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description | Recent studies have linked gestational exposure to highly caloric diets with a disrupted endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS). In the present study, we have extended these studies by analyzing the impact of the exposure to a palatable diet during gestation and lactation on a) the adult expression of endocannabinoid-related behaviors, b) the metabolic profile of adult offspring and c) the mRNA expression of the signaling machinery of the ECS in the hypothalamus, the liver and the adipose tissue of adult offspring of both sexes. Exposure to a palatable diet resulted in a) sex-dimorphic and perinatal diet specific feeding behaviors, including the differential response to the inhibitory effects of the cannabinoid receptor inverse agonist AM251, b) features of metabolic syndrome including increased adiposity, hyperleptinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia and c) tissue and sex-specific changes in the expression of both CB1 and CB2 receptors and in that of the endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes FAAH and MAGL, being the adipose tissue the most affected organ analyzed. Since the effects were observed in adult animals that were weaned while consuming a normal diet, the present results indicate that the ECS is one of the targets of maternal programming of the offspring energy expenditure. These results clearly indicate that the maternal diet has long-term effects on the development of pups through multiple alterations of signaling homeostatic pathways that include the ECS. The potential relevance of these alterations for the current obesity epidemic is discussed. |
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In the present study, we have extended these studies by analyzing the impact of the exposure to a palatable diet during gestation and lactation on a) the adult expression of endocannabinoid-related behaviors, b) the metabolic profile of adult offspring and c) the mRNA expression of the signaling machinery of the ECS in the hypothalamus, the liver and the adipose tissue of adult offspring of both sexes. Exposure to a palatable diet resulted in a) sex-dimorphic and perinatal diet specific feeding behaviors, including the differential response to the inhibitory effects of the cannabinoid receptor inverse agonist AM251, b) features of metabolic syndrome including increased adiposity, hyperleptinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia and c) tissue and sex-specific changes in the expression of both CB1 and CB2 receptors and in that of the endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes FAAH and MAGL, being the adipose tissue the most affected organ analyzed. Since the effects were observed in adult animals that were weaned while consuming a normal diet, the present results indicate that the ECS is one of the targets of maternal programming of the offspring energy expenditure. These results clearly indicate that the maternal diet has long-term effects on the development of pups through multiple alterations of signaling homeostatic pathways that include the ECS. The potential relevance of these alterations for the current obesity epidemic is discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165432</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27806128</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adipose tissue ; Adipose Tissue - metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Body fat ; Brain ; Brain - metabolism ; Cannabinoid CB2 receptors ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects ; DNA methylation ; Endocannabinoid system ; Endocannabinoids - metabolism ; Energy expenditure ; Enzymes ; Epidemics ; Exposure ; Fatty-acid amide hydrolase ; Feeding behavior ; Female ; Food ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - drug effects ; Gestation ; Homeostasis ; Hospitals ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Hypothalamus ; Impact analysis ; Insulin resistance ; Lactation ; Liver ; Liver - metabolism ; Long-term effects ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metabolic disorders ; Metabolic syndrome ; Obesity ; Offspring ; Perinatal exposure ; Piperidines - pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Pyrazoles - pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - metabolism ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 - metabolism ; Receptors ; Rodents ; Sex ; Sex Characteristics ; Signal Transduction - drug effects ; Signaling ; Weaning</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-11, Vol.11 (11), p.e0165432</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Ramírez-López et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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In the present study, we have extended these studies by analyzing the impact of the exposure to a palatable diet during gestation and lactation on a) the adult expression of endocannabinoid-related behaviors, b) the metabolic profile of adult offspring and c) the mRNA expression of the signaling machinery of the ECS in the hypothalamus, the liver and the adipose tissue of adult offspring of both sexes. Exposure to a palatable diet resulted in a) sex-dimorphic and perinatal diet specific feeding behaviors, including the differential response to the inhibitory effects of the cannabinoid receptor inverse agonist AM251, b) features of metabolic syndrome including increased adiposity, hyperleptinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia and c) tissue and sex-specific changes in the expression of both CB1 and CB2 receptors and in that of the endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes FAAH and MAGL, being the adipose tissue the most affected organ analyzed. Since the effects were observed in adult animals that were weaned while consuming a normal diet, the present results indicate that the ECS is one of the targets of maternal programming of the offspring energy expenditure. These results clearly indicate that the maternal diet has long-term effects on the development of pups through multiple alterations of signaling homeostatic pathways that include the ECS. The potential relevance of these alterations for the current obesity epidemic is discussed.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>27806128</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0165432</doi><tpages>e0165432</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4516-5795</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1835681834 |
source | NCBI_PubMed Central(免费); ProQuest - Publicly Available Content Database |
subjects | Adipose tissue Adipose Tissue - metabolism Animals Animals, Newborn Biology and Life Sciences Body fat Brain Brain - metabolism Cannabinoid CB2 receptors Diet Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects DNA methylation Endocannabinoid system Endocannabinoids - metabolism Energy expenditure Enzymes Epidemics Exposure Fatty-acid amide hydrolase Feeding behavior Female Food Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - drug effects Gestation Homeostasis Hospitals Hypercholesterolemia Hypertriglyceridemia Hypothalamus Impact analysis Insulin resistance Lactation Liver Liver - metabolism Long-term effects Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolic disorders Metabolic syndrome Obesity Offspring Perinatal exposure Piperidines - pharmacology Pregnancy Pyrazoles - pharmacology Rats Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 - metabolism Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 - metabolism Receptors Rodents Sex Sex Characteristics Signal Transduction - drug effects Signaling Weaning |
title | Exposure to a Highly Caloric Palatable Diet during the Perinatal Period Affects the Expression of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System in the Brain, Liver and Adipose Tissue of Adult Rat Offspring |
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