Bioactive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Periodontal Therapy

• Published in: PloS one 2016-11, Vol.11 (11), p.e0166217
• Main Authors: Osorio, Raquel, Alfonso-Rodríguez, Camilo Andrés, Medina-Castillo, Antonio L, Alaminos, Miguel, Toledano, Manuel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biocompatibility; Biological activity; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomedical materials; Biomimetic Materials - chemistry; Biomimetics; Body fluids; Bones; Calcium; Calcium - chemistry; Calcium phosphate; Calcium phosphates; Calcium Phosphates - chemistry; Cell growth; Cell membranes; Chemical precipitation; Cytotoxicity; Data processing; Defects; Dental schools; Dentin; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; Electron microscopy; Engineering and Technology; Enzymes; Esterase; Fibroblasts; Fluorescence; Growth factors; Histology; Hostages; Humans; Hydroxyapatite; In vitro methods and tests; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactic acid; Ligaments; Materials Testing - methods; Medical treatment; Medicine and Health Sciences; Membranes; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning - methods; Mouth Mucosa - drug effects; Mucosa; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - administration & dosage; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nucleic acids; Periodontal disease; Periodontal Diseases - drug therapy; Periodontics; Physical Sciences; Polymerization; Polymers - chemistry; Precipitation; Precipitation (Meteorology); Scanning electron microscopy; Surface Properties; Surgical implants; Tissue engineering; Toxicity; X-ray diffraction; X-Ray Diffraction - methods; Zinc; Zinc - chemistry
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166217

to design calcium and zinc-loaded bioactive and cytocompatible nanoparticles for the treatment of periodontal disease. PolymP-nActive nanoparticles were zinc or calcium loaded. Biomimetic calcium phosphate precipitation on polymeric particles was assessed after 7 days immersion in simulated body fluid, by scanning electron microscopy attached to an energy dispersive analysis system. Amorphous mineral deposition was probed by X-ray diffraction. Cell viability analysis was performed using oral mucosa fibroblasts by: 1) quantifying the liberated deoxyribonucleic acid from dead cells, 2) detecting the amount of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme released by cells with damaged membranes, and 3) by examining the cytoplasmic esterase function and cell membranes integrity with a fluorescence-based method using the Live/Dead commercial kit. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Precipitation of calcium and phosphate on the nanoparticles surfaces was observed in calcium-loaded nanoparticles. Non-loaded nanoparticles were found to be non-toxic in all the assays, calcium and zinc-loaded particles presented a dose dependent but very low cytotoxic effect. The ability of calcium-loaded nanoparticles to promote precipitation of calcium phosphate deposits, together with their observed non-toxicity may offer new strategies for periodontal disease treatment.