Income in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Different Disease Phenotypes

• Published in: PloS one 2017, Vol.12 (1), p.e0169460-e0169460
• Main Authors: Kavaliunas, Andrius, Manouchehrinia, Ali, Danylaite Karrenbauer, Virginija, Gyllensten, Hanna, Glaser, Anna, Alexanderson, Kristina, Hillert, Jan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Age; Analogies; Biology and Life Sciences; Clinical trials; Comparative analysis; Country of birth; Disease; Earth Sciences; Economic aspects; Education; Estimates; Female; Genotype & phenotype; Humans; Income; Male; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Medicine and Health Sciences; Middle Aged; Models, Economic; Multiple sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis - economics; Neurology; Neurosciences; Patients; People and Places; Phenotype; Phenotypes; Physical Sciences; Population; Profits; Ratios; Regression analysis; Regression models; Research and Analysis Methods; Socio-economic aspects; Socioeconomic Factors; Statistical analysis; Studies; Variables; Wages and salaries
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169460

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease with profound heterogeneity in clinical course. To analyze sources and levels of income among MS patients in relation to disease phenotype with a special focus on identifying differences/similarities between primary progressive MS (PPMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS). A total of 6890 MS patients aged 21-64 years and living in Sweden in 2010 were identified for this cross-sectional study. Descriptive statistics, logistic, truncated linear, and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were used to estimate differences in income between SPMS, PPMS and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. RRMS patients earned almost twice as much as PPMS and SPMS patients (on average SEK 204,500, SEK 114,500, and SEK 79,800 in 2010, respectively). The difference in earnings between PPMS and SPMS was not statistically significant when analyzed with multivariable regression. The estimated odds ratio for PPMS patients to have income from earnings was not significantly different from SPMS patients (95% CI 0.98 to 1.59). PPMS and RRMS patients were less likely to receive benefits when compared to SPMS patients (by 6% and 27% lower, respectively). Our findings argue for similarities between PPMS and SPMS and highlight the socioeconomic importance of preventing RRMS patients convert to SPMS.