MicroRNA and mRNA Transcriptome Profiling in Primary Human Astrocytes Infected with Borrelia burgdorferi

• Published in: PloS one 2017-01, Vol.12 (1), p.e0170961-e0170961
• Main Authors: Casselli, Timothy, Qureshi, Humaira, Peterson, Elizabeth, Perley, Danielle, Blake, Emily, Jokinen, Bradley, Abbas, Ata, Nechaev, Sergei, Watt, John A, Dhasarathy, Archana, Brissette, Catherine A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antibiotics; Astrocytes; Astrocytes - metabolism; Astrocytes - microbiology; Bacteria; Bell's palsy; Bioinformatics; Biology and life sciences; Blood-brain barrier; Borrelia burgdorferi; Borrelia burgdorferi - physiology; Borreliosis; Carditis; Cell adhesion; Central nervous system; Chromatin remodeling; Chronic fatigue syndrome; Coding; Deer; Encephalitis; Exanthema; Gene expression; Gene Expression Profiling - methods; Genetic aspects; Genomes; Health aspects; Health sciences; Histones; Humans; Immune response; Immune system; Immunity - genetics; Infections; Inflammation - genetics; Inflammation - pathology; Ixodidae; Lyme disease; Lyme Disease - genetics; Lyme Disease - microbiology; Medical treatment; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Meningitis; Messenger RNA; MicroRNA; MicroRNAs; MicroRNAs - genetics; MicroRNAs - metabolism; miRNA; Non-coding RNA; Pain; Paralysis; Pathogenesis; Properties; Reproducibility of Results; Research and analysis methods; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; RNA, Messenger - genetics; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; RNA, Untranslated - genetics; RNA, Untranslated - metabolism; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Therapeutic applications; Ticks; Tissues; Transcription Factors - metabolism; Transcriptome - genetics; Vector-borne diseases
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170961

Lyme disease is caused by infection with the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), which is transmitted to humans by deer ticks. The infection manifests usually as a rash and minor systemic symptoms; however, the bacteria can spread to other tissues, causing joint pain, carditis, and neurological symptoms. Lyme neuroborreliosis presents itself in several ways, such as Bell's palsy, meningitis, and encephalitis. The molecular basis for neuroborreliosis is poorly understood. Analysis of the changes in the expression levels of messenger RNAs and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, following Bb infection could therefore provide vital information on the pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of neuroborreliosis. To this end, we used cultured primary human astrocytes, key responders to CNS infection and important components of the blood-brain barrier, as a model system to study RNA and microRNA changes in the CNS caused by Bb. Using whole transcriptome RNA-seq, we found significant changes in 38 microRNAs and 275 mRNAs at 24 and 48 hours following Bb infection. Several of the RNA changes affect pathways involved in immune response, development, chromatin assembly (including histones) and cell adhesion. Further, several of the microRNA predicted target mRNAs were also differentially regulated. Overall, our results indicate that exposure to Bb causes significant changes to the transcriptome and microRNA profile of astrocytes, which has implications in the pathogenesis, and hence potential treatment strategies to combat this disease.