High risk for chikungunya virus to initiate an enzootic sylvatic cycle in the tropical Americas

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has dispersed in the Americas since 2013, and its range of distribution has overlapped large forested areas. Herein, we assess vector competence of two sylvatic Neotropical mosquito species, Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Aedes terrens, to evaluate the risk of CHIKV to initia...

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Published in:PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2017-06, Vol.11 (6), p.e0005698-e0005698
Main Authors: Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Ricardo, Failloux, Anna-Bella
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal Structures - virology
Animals
Aquatic insects
Biology and Life Sciences
Blood
Brazil
Chikungunya Fever - transmission
Chikungunya virus
Chikungunya virus - isolation & purification
Culicidae - virology
Disease transmission
Disease Transmission, Infectious
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Efficiency
Female
Females
Fever
Funding
Genetic aspects
Genotypes
Head
Health aspects
Incubators
Infections
Infectious diseases
Life Sciences
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mercury
Microbiology and Parasitology
Mosquito Vectors - virology
Mosquitoes
Public health
Risk
Risk factors
Saliva
Thorax
Transmission
Tropical Climate
Tropical diseases
Vector-borne diseases
Virology
Viruses
Yellow fever mosquito
Zoonoses
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description Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has dispersed in the Americas since 2013, and its range of distribution has overlapped large forested areas. Herein, we assess vector competence of two sylvatic Neotropical mosquito species, Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Aedes terrens, to evaluate the risk of CHIKV to initiate a sylvatic cycle in the continent. Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Ae. terrens from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were orally challenged with the two CHIKV lineages circulating in the Americas. Fully engorged females were kept in incubators at 28±1°C and 70±10% humidity and examined at 3 and 7 days after virus exposure. Body (thorax plus abdomen), head and saliva samples were analyzed for respectively determining infection, dissemination and transmission. Both Hg. leucocelaenus and Ae. terrens exhibited high infection and dissemination rates with both CHIKV isolates at 7 dpi, demonstrating that they are susceptible to CHIKV, regardless of the lineage. Remarkably, Hg. leucocelaenus expectorated infectious viral particles as rapidly as 3 days after the infectious blood meal, displaying higher values of transmission rate and efficiency than Ae. terrens. Nevertheless, both species were competent to experimentally transmit both CHIKV genotypes, exhibiting vector competence similar to several American Aedes aegypti. These results point out the high risk for CHIKV to establish a sylvatic transmission cycle in the Americas, which could be a serious health issue as CHIKV would become another zoonotic infection difficult to control in the continent.
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Herein, we assess vector competence of two sylvatic Neotropical mosquito species, Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Aedes terrens, to evaluate the risk of CHIKV to initiate a sylvatic cycle in the continent. Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Ae. terrens from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were orally challenged with the two CHIKV lineages circulating in the Americas. Fully engorged females were kept in incubators at 28±1°C and 70±10% humidity and examined at 3 and 7 days after virus exposure. Body (thorax plus abdomen), head and saliva samples were analyzed for respectively determining infection, dissemination and transmission. Both Hg. leucocelaenus and Ae. terrens exhibited high infection and dissemination rates with both CHIKV isolates at 7 dpi, demonstrating that they are susceptible to CHIKV, regardless of the lineage. 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subjects Animal Structures - virology
Animals
Aquatic insects
Biology and Life Sciences
Blood
Brazil
Chikungunya Fever - transmission
Chikungunya virus
Chikungunya virus - isolation & purification
Culicidae - virology
Disease transmission
Disease Transmission, Infectious
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Efficiency
Female
Females
Fever
Funding
Genetic aspects
Genotypes
Head
Health aspects
Incubators
Infections
Infectious diseases
Life Sciences
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mercury
Microbiology and Parasitology
Mosquito Vectors - virology
Mosquitoes
Public health
Risk
Risk factors
Saliva
Thorax
Transmission
Tropical Climate
Tropical diseases
Vector-borne diseases
Virology
Viruses
Yellow fever mosquito
Zoonoses
title High risk for chikungunya virus to initiate an enzootic sylvatic cycle in the tropical Americas
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