Expression of the MHC class II in triple-negative breast cancer is associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interferon signaling

• Published in: PloS one 2017-08, Vol.12 (8), p.e0182786-e0182786
• Main Authors: Park, In Ah, Hwang, Seong-Hye, Song, In Hye, Heo, Sun-Hee, Kim, Young-Ae, Bang, Won Seon, Park, Hye Seon, Lee, Miseon, Gong, Gyungyub, Lee, Hee Jin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptive systems; Adult; Aged; Antigen-presenting cells; Antigens; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics; Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism; Breast cancer; Cancer; Cancer therapies; CD4 antigen; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology; CD8 antigen; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology; Cell survival; Dendritic cells; Double-stranded RNA; Female; Gene amplification; Gene expression; Genes, MHC Class II; Genetic aspects; Genomes; Growth factors; Humans; Immune system; Immunotherapy; Interferon; Interferons - metabolism; Life sciences; Lymph; Lymph nodes; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating - pathology; Major histocompatibility complex; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Melanoma; Metastases; Middle Aged; Oncology; Pathology; Patients; Physiological aspects; Prognosis; Protein kinase; Radiation therapy; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; Signal Transduction; Staining; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - genetics; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - metabolism; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - pathology; Tumor cells; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; Tumors
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182786

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been known for their strong prognostic and predictive significance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Several mechanisms for TIL influx in TNBC have been elucidated. Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) is an essential component of the adaptive immune system and is generally restricted to the surface of antigen-presenting cells. However, it has been reported that interferon-gamma signaling may induce MHC-II in almost all cell types, including those derived from cancer. We aimed to examine the relationship between MHC-II expression in tumor cells and the amount of TILs in 681 patients with TNBC. Further, the prognostic significance of MHC-II and the association of MHC-II with a couple of molecules involved in the interferon signaling pathway were investigated using immunohistochemical staining. Higher MHC-II expression in tumor cells was associated with the absence of lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.042); larger amounts of TILs (p < 0.001); frequent formations of tertiary lymphoid structures (p < 0.001); higher expression of myxovirus resistance gene A, one of the main mediators of the interferon signaling pathway (p < 0.001); and higher expression of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase, which can be induced by interferons (p = 0.008). Moreover, tumors that showed high MHC class I expression and any positivity for MHC-II had larger amounts of CD4- and CD8-positive T lymphocytes (p < 0.001). Positive MHC-II expression in tumor cells was associated with better disease-free survival in patients who had lymph node metastasis (p = 0.009). In conclusion, MHC-II expression in tumor cells was closely associated with an increase in TIL number and interferon signaling in TNBC. Further studies are warranted to improve our understanding regarding TIL influx, as well as patients' responses to immunotherapy.