Junk food diet-induced obesity increases D2 receptor autoinhibition in the ventral tegmental area and reduces ethanol drinking

• Published in: PloS one 2017-08, Vol.12 (8), p.e0183685
• Main Authors: Cook, Jason B, Hendrickson, Linzy M, Garwood, Grant M, Toungate, Kelsey M, Nania, Christina V, Morikawa, Hitoshi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptation; Alcohol Drinking - metabolism; Animals; Bacon; Biology and Life Sciences; Breakfast cereals; Care and treatment; Cereals; Chip breakers; Chocolate; Conditioning; Cookies; Diet; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Dopamine; Dopamine - metabolism; Dopamine D2 receptors; Dopamine receptors; Dopaminergic Neurons - metabolism; Dopaminergic Neurons - pathology; Drinking; Drinking (Alcoholic beverages); Drinking behavior; Drug abuse; Drugs; Ethanol; Ethanol - adverse effects; Feeding; Food; Health aspects; Humans; Inhibition (Neurophysiology); Junk foods; Laboratories; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mesencephalon; Mesencephalon - metabolism; Metabolism; Neostriatum; Neurons; Neurosciences; Obesity; Obesity - etiology; Obesity - metabolism; Obesity - pathology; Physical Sciences; Place preference conditioning; Potatoes; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine D2 - metabolism; Reinforcement; Rodents; Sucrose; Sugar; Ventral Tegmental Area - metabolism; Ventral Tegmental Area - pathology; Ventral tegmentum
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183685

Similar to drugs of abuse, the hedonic value of food is mediated, at least in part, by the mesostriatal dopamine (DA) system. Prolonged intake of either high calorie diets or drugs of abuse both lead to a blunting of the DA system. Most studies have focused on DAergic alterations in the striatum, but little is known about the effects of high calorie diets on ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons. Since high calorie diets produce addictive-like DAergic adaptations, it is possible these diets may increase addiction susceptibility. However, high calorie diets consistently reduce psychostimulant intake and conditioned place preference in rodents. In contrast, high calorie diets can increase or decrease ethanol drinking, but it is not known how a junk food diet (cafeteria diet) affects ethanol drinking. In the current study, we administered a cafeteria diet consisting of bacon, potato chips, cheesecake, cookies, breakfast cereals, marshmallows, and chocolate candies to male Wistar rats for 3-4 weeks, producing an obese phenotype. Prior cafeteria diet feeding reduced homecage ethanol drinking over 2 weeks of testing, and transiently reduced sucrose and chow intake. Importantly, cafeteria diet had no effect on ethanol metabolism rate or blood ethanol concentrations following 2g/kg ethanol administration. In midbrain slices, we showed that cafeteria diet feeding enhances DA D2 receptor (D2R) autoinhibition in VTA DA neurons. These results show that junk food diet-induced obesity reduces ethanol drinking, and suggest that increased D2R autoinhibition in the VTA may contribute to deficits in DAergic signaling and reward hypofunction observed with obesity.