Density-dependence interacts with extrinsic mortality in shaping life histories

The role of extrinsic mortality in shaping life histories is poorly understood. However, substantial evidence suggests that extrinsic mortality interacts with density-dependence in crucial ways. We develop a model combining Evolutionarily Stable Strategies with a projection matrix that allows resour...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2017-10, Vol.12 (10), p.e0186661-e0186661
Main Authors: Dańko, Maciej Jan, Burger, Oskar, Kozłowski, Jan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Aging
Applied mathematics
Biology and Life Sciences
Compensation
Demography
Density
Density dependence
Environmental aspects
Evolution
Fecundity
Fertility
Fisheries management
Growth rate
Hypotheses
Life Cycle Stages
Life history
Life history theory
Maintenance
Medicine and Health Sciences
Metabolism
Models, Biological
Mortality
Mutation
Offsets
Physical Sciences
Poland
Population
Research and Analysis Methods
Resource Allocation
Senescence
Survival
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Summary:The role of extrinsic mortality in shaping life histories is poorly understood. However, substantial evidence suggests that extrinsic mortality interacts with density-dependence in crucial ways. We develop a model combining Evolutionarily Stable Strategies with a projection matrix that allows resource allocation to growth, tissue repairs, and reproduction. Our model examines three cases, with density-dependence acting on: (i) mortality, (ii) fecundity, and (iii) production rate. We demonstrate that density-independent extrinsic mortality influences the rate of aging, age at maturity, growth rate, and adult size provided that density-dependence acts on fertility or juvenile mortality. However, density-independent extrinsic mortality has no effect on these life history traits when density-dependence acts on survival. We show that extrinsic mortality interacts with density-dependence via a compensation mechanism: the higher the extrinsic mortality the lower the strength of density-dependence. However, this compensation fully offsets the effect of extrinsic mortality only if density-dependence acts on survival independently of age. Both the age-pattern and the type of density-dependence are crucial for shaping life history traits.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0186661