Residual malaria transmission dynamics varies across The Gambia despite high coverage of control interventions

Over the last decades, malaria has declined substantially in The Gambia but its transmission has not been interrupted. In order to better target control interventions, it is essential to understand the dynamics of residual transmission. This prospective cohort study was conducted between June 2013 a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2017-11, Vol.12 (11), p.e0187059-e0187059
Main Authors: Mwesigwa, Julia, Achan, Jane, Di Tanna, Gian Luca, Affara, Muna, Jawara, Musa, Worwui, Archibald, Hamid-Adiamoh, Majidah, Kanuteh, Fatoumatta, Ceesay, Sainey, Bousema, Teun, Drakeley, Chris, Grietens, Koen Peeters, Lindsay, Steve W, Van Geertruyden, Jean-Pierre, D'Alessandro, Umberto
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Adults
Biology and Life Sciences
Child
Child, Preschool
Children
Cohort Studies
Control
Councils
Disease transmission
Drug resistance
Dry season
Earth Sciences
Ethics
Female
Gambia - epidemiology
Health aspects
Health sciences
Health surveillance
Households
Humans
Hygiene
Infant
Infections
Insecticides
Malaria
Malaria - epidemiology
Malaria - transmission
Male
Medical research
Medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Nets
Open access
People and Places
Plasmodium falciparum
Prevention
Public health
Seasons
Spraying
Tropical diseases
Vector-borne diseases
Vectors
Young Adult
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Summary:Over the last decades, malaria has declined substantially in The Gambia but its transmission has not been interrupted. In order to better target control interventions, it is essential to understand the dynamics of residual transmission. This prospective cohort study was conducted between June 2013 and April 2014 in six pairs of villages across The Gambia. Blood samples were collected monthly during the transmission season (June-December) from all residents aged ≥6 months (4,194 individuals) and then in April (dry season). Entomological data were collected monthly throughout the malaria transmission season. Ownership of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets was 71.5% (2766/3869). Incidence of malaria infection and clinical disease varied significantly across the country, with the highest values in eastern (1.7/PYAR) than in central (0.2 /PYAR) and western (0.1/PYAR) Gambia. Malaria infection at the beginning of the transmission season was significantly higher in individuals who slept outdoors (HR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.02-2.23, p = 0.04) and in those who had travelled outside the village (HR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.83-3.34, p
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0187059