Suppression of enhanced physiological tremor via stochastic noise: initial observations

• Published in: PloS one 2014-11, Vol.9 (11), p.e112782-e112782
• Main Authors: Trenado, Carlos, Amtage, Florian, Huethe, Frank, Schulte-Mönting, Jürgen, Mendez-Balbuena, Ignacio, Baker, Stuart N, Baker, Mark, Hepp-Reymond, Marie-Claude, Manjarrez, Elias, Kristeva, Rumyana
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accelerometers; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomechanics; Cortex; Data processing; Deviation; Electromyography; Feedback, Sensory; Female; Finger; Humans; Male; Medical research; Medicine and Health Sciences; Microsurgery; Motor task performance; Muscles; Neurology; Neurosciences; Noise; Optimization; Photic Stimulation; Physical Stimulation - methods; Physiology; Position measurement; Psychomotor Performance; Robotics; Sensorimotor integration; Sensorimotor system; Spinal cord; Stochastic Processes; Stochasticity; Stretch reflex; Tremor; Tremor - physiopathology; Tremor - therapy
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112782

Enhanced physiological tremor is a disabling condition that arises because of unstable interactions between central tremor generators and the biomechanics of the spinal stretch reflex. Previous work has shown that peripheral input may push the tremor-related spinal and cortical systems closer to anti-phase firing, potentially leading to a reduction in tremor through phase cancellation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether peripherally applied mechanical stochastic noise can attenuate enhanced physiological tremor and improve motor performance. Eight subjects with enhanced physiological tremor performed a visuomotor task requiring the right index finger to compensate a static force generated by a manipulandum to which Gaussian noise (3-35 Hz) was applied. The finger position was displayed on-line on a monitor as a small white dot which the subjects had to maintain in the center of a larger green circle. Electromyogram (EMG) from the active hand muscles and finger position were recorded. Performance was measured by the mean absolute deviation of the white dot from the zero position. Tremor was identified by the acceleration in the frequency range 7-12 Hz. Two different conditions were compared: with and without superimposed noise at optimal amplitude (determined at the beginning of the experiment). The application of optimum noise reduced tremor (accelerometric amplitude and EMG activity) and improved the motor performance (reduced mean absolute deviation from zero). These data provide the first evidence of a significant reduction of enhanced physiological tremor in the human sensorimotor system due to application of external stochastic noise.