Phylogenetic impoverishment of Amazonian tree communities in an experimentally fragmented forest landscape

Amazonian rainforests sustain some of the richest tree communities on Earth, but their ecological and evolutionary responses to human threats remain poorly known. We used one of the largest experimental datasets currently available on tree dynamics in fragmented tropical forests and a recent phyloge...

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Published in:PloS one 2014, Vol.9 (11), p.e113109-e113109
Main Authors: Santos, Bráulio A, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Melo, Felipe P L, Camargo, José L C, Andrade, Ana, Laurance, Susan G, Laurance, William F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiosperms
Biodiversity
Biology and Life Sciences
Brazil
Carbon sequestration
Carbon storage
Communities
Conservation of Natural Resources
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Ecosystem services
Ecosystems
Extinction, Biological
Forests
Fragmentation
Genera
Genetic Variation
Habitat fragmentation
Human behavior
Landscape
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Plant diversity
Rainforests
Trees
Trees - classification
Tropical forests
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description Amazonian rainforests sustain some of the richest tree communities on Earth, but their ecological and evolutionary responses to human threats remain poorly known. We used one of the largest experimental datasets currently available on tree dynamics in fragmented tropical forests and a recent phylogeny of angiosperms to test whether tree communities have lost phylogenetic diversity since their isolation about two decades previously. Our findings revealed an overall trend toward phylogenetic impoverishment across the experimentally fragmented landscape, irrespective of whether tree communities were in 1-ha, 10-ha, or 100-ha forest fragments, near forest edges, or in continuous forest. The magnitude of the phylogenetic diversity loss was low (
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We used one of the largest experimental datasets currently available on tree dynamics in fragmented tropical forests and a recent phylogeny of angiosperms to test whether tree communities have lost phylogenetic diversity since their isolation about two decades previously. Our findings revealed an overall trend toward phylogenetic impoverishment across the experimentally fragmented landscape, irrespective of whether tree communities were in 1-ha, 10-ha, or 100-ha forest fragments, near forest edges, or in continuous forest. The magnitude of the phylogenetic diversity loss was low (&lt;2% relative to before-fragmentation values) but widespread throughout the study landscape, occurring in 32 of 40 1-ha plots. Consistent with this loss in phylogenetic diversity, we observed a significant decrease of 50% in phylogenetic dispersion since forest isolation, irrespective of plot location. Analyses based on tree genera that have significantly increased (28 genera) or declined (31 genera) in abundance and basal area in the landscape revealed that increasing genera are more phylogenetically related than decreasing ones. Also, the loss of phylogenetic diversity was greater in tree communities where increasing genera proliferated and decreasing genera reduced their importance values, suggesting that this taxonomic replacement is partially underlying the phylogenetic impoverishment at the landscape scale. This finding has clear implications for the current debate about the role human-modified landscapes play in sustaining biodiversity persistence and key ecosystem services, such as carbon storage. 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subjects Angiosperms
Biodiversity
Biology and Life Sciences
Brazil
Carbon sequestration
Carbon storage
Communities
Conservation of Natural Resources
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Ecosystem services
Ecosystems
Extinction, Biological
Forests
Fragmentation
Genera
Genetic Variation
Habitat fragmentation
Human behavior
Landscape
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Plant diversity
Rainforests
Trees
Trees - classification
Tropical forests
title Phylogenetic impoverishment of Amazonian tree communities in an experimentally fragmented forest landscape
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