Best Dressed Test: A Study of the Covering Behavior of the Collector Urchin Tripneustes gratilla

• Published in: PloS one 2016-04, Vol.11 (4), p.e0153581-e0153581
• Main Author: Ziegenhorn, Morgan A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algae; Animals; Behavior; Behavior, Animal - physiology; Biological evolution; Biology and Life Sciences; Collectors; Computer and Information Sciences; Earth Sciences; Echinodermata; Echinoidea; Ecology; Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Evolutionary biology; Field study; Foraging behavior; Hypotheses; Invertebrates; Light; Light intensity; Luminous intensity; Marine biology; Phylogeny; Physical Sciences; Predation; Predators; Preferences; Radiation; Research and Analysis Methods; Rocks; Sea urchins; Sea Urchins - physiology; Spine; Spines; Strongylocentrotus; Tripneustes gratilla; U.V. radiation; Ultraviolet radiation; Ultraviolet Rays
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153581

Many sea urchin genera exhibit cryptic covering behaviors. One such behavior has been documented in the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla, and previous studies have theorized that this behavior serves as protection from UV radiation. However, other hypotheses have been presented such as protection from predators or added weight to help T. gratilla resist strong currents. A field study was conducted in October-November 2015 in Moorea, French Polynesia to assess urchin covering behavior in natural habitats. The study found that urchins partially underneath rocks covered more, and with more algae, than urchins totally underneath rocks. To test if this behavior was driven by light intensity, a series of 30-minute experimental trials were run on 10 individuals in bright and dim conditions. Individuals were given red and clear plastic, and percent cover of each was recorded. These tests were repeated once fifty percent of spines had been removed from the urchin, in order to determine whether spine loss affects T. gratilla covering behavior. The study found that urchins had a distinct preference for cover that best protects them from UV radiation. Spine loss did not significantly affect urchin ability to cover, and urchins with removed spines still preferred opaque cover. Additionally, covering behavior was mapped onto a phylogeny of echinoderms to determine how it might have evolved. Understanding urchin covering behavior more fully is a step towards an understanding of the evolution of cryptic behavior across species.