Time and spatial trends in lymphoid leukemia and lymphoma incidence and survival among children and adolescents in Manitoba, Canada: 1984-2013

• Published in: PloS one 2017-04, Vol.12 (4), p.e0175701
• Main Authors: Ye, Xibiao, Torabi, Mahmoud, Lix, Lisa M, Mahmud, Salaheddin M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adolescents; Age; Analysis; Cancer; Child; Child, Preschool; Children; Clustering; Confidence intervals; Demographic aspects; Female; Females; Health risk assessment; Humans; Identification methods; Incidence; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid - epidemiology; Lymphatic leukemia; Lymphoma; Lymphoma - epidemiology; Male; Males; Manitoba - epidemiology; Medical diagnosis; Medicine and Health Sciences; Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas; People and Places; Poisson density functions; Regression models; Risk factors; Rural areas; Socioeconomic factors; Statistical analysis; Survival; Survival Analysis; Teenagers; Trends; Urban areas
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175701

To test for time and spatial trends in lymphoid malignancies, including lymphoid leukemia (LL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), in children and adolescents in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Incident cases diagnosed between 1984 and 2013 were identified from the Manitoba Cancer Registry. We assessed time trends in age-standardized incidence rates using joinpoint regression and in 5-year relative survival using Poisson regression model. Kulldorff's scan method was used to assess spatial variation and clustering. Age-standardized incidence rates (per million person-years) in males and females were 34.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 28.9-39.1) and 26.2 (95% CI 21.5-30.7) for LL, 10.5 (95% CI 7.7-13.3) and 12.5 (95% CI 9.4-15.7) for HL, 12.5 (95% CI 9.3-15.4) and 7.7 (95% CI 5.2-10.2) for NHL (except for Burkitt lymphomas), and 3.2 (95% CI 1.6-4.7) and 1.5 (95% CI 0.4-2.5) for Burkitt lymphomas. Age- and sex- standardized LL incidence rate increased 1.4% (95% CI 0.3%-2.5%) per year, while the changes for HL and NHL incidence rates were not statistically significant. There were geographic differences in age-standardized incidence rates for LL, HL, and NHL and spatial clusters were detected in southern part of the province. Five-year relative survival has improved over time and there was no difference between rural and urban areas. Lymphoid leukemia incidence rate increased over time and varied by geographic area. Further research should examine the factors contributing to these trends.