Effects of low salinity on adult behavior and larval performance in the intertidal gastropod Crepipatella peruviana (Calyptraeidae)

• Published in: PloS one 2014-07, Vol.9 (7), p.e103820
• Main Authors: Montory, Jaime A, Pechenik, Jan A, Diederich, Casey M, Chaparro, Oscar R
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acipenser sinensis; Adaptation, Physiological; Adults; Analysis; Animal behavior; Animal Distribution; Animals; Aquariums; Biology and Life Sciences; Calyptraeidae; Coastal ecosystems; Coastal waters; Coastal zone; Crepidula; Crepipatella; Developmental stages; Embryos; Environmental conditions; Exposure; Fitness; Gastropoda; Gastropoda - physiology; Hatching; Heavy rainfall; Laboratories; Larva - physiology; Larvae; Mortality; Oxygen; Oxygen consumption; Physical fitness; Physiology; Pleuronectes platessa; Rain; Salinity; Salinity effects; Seawater - chemistry; Stress, Physiological; Substrates; Surface area; Swimming; Velocity; Vertical distribution; Water column
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103820

Shallow-water coastal areas suffer frequent reductions in salinity due to heavy rains, potentially stressing the organisms found there, particularly the early stages of development (including pelagic larvae). Individual adults and newly hatched larvae of the gastropod Crepipatella peruviana were exposed to different levels of salinity stress (32(control), 25, 20 or 15), to quantify the immediate effects of exposure to low salinities on adult and larval behavior and on the physiological performance of the larvae. For adults we recorded the threshold salinity that initiates brood chamber isolation. For larvae, we measured the impact of reduced salinity on velar surface area, velum activity, swimming velocity, clearance rate (CR), oxygen consumption (OCR), and mortality (LC50); we also documented the impact of salinity discontinuities on the vertical distribution of veliger larvae in the water column. The results indicate that adults will completely isolate themselves from the external environment by clamping firmly against the substrate at salinities ≤24. Moreover, the newly hatched larvae showed increased mortality at lower salinities, while survivors showed decreased velum activity, decreased exposed velum surface area, and decreased mean swimming velocity. The clearance rates and oxygen consumption rates of stressed larvae were significantly lower than those of control individuals. Finally, salinity discontinuities affected the vertical distribution of larvae in the water column. Although adults can protect their embryos from low salinity stress until hatching, salinities