Type-2 diabetic aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 mutant mice (ALDH 22) exhibiting heart failure with preserved ejection fraction phenotype can be determined by exercise stress echocardiography

• Published in: PloS one 2018-04, Vol.13 (4), p.e0195796
• Main Authors: Pan, Guodong, Munukutla, Srikar, Kar, Ananya, Gardinier, Joseph, Thandavarayan, Rajarajan A, Palaniyandi, Suresh Selvaraj
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aldehyde dehydrogenase; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial - genetics; Angina pectoris; Animals; Biology and Life Sciences; Cardiomyopathy; Cardiovascular disease; Coronary artery; Dehydrogenase; Dehydrogenases; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - chemically induced; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - physiopathology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - chemically induced; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology; Diagnosis; Diet; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Echo surveys; Echocardiography; Echocardiography, Stress; Ejection fraction; Exercise tests; Exhaustion; Gene mutation; Genetic aspects; Genotypes; Heart failure; Heart Failure - diagnostic imaging; Heart Failure - etiology; Heart Failure - physiopathology; Heart function; High fat diet; Humans; Hypertension; Internal medicine; Male; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Musculoskeletal system; Mutation; Oxidative stress; Phenotype; Phenotypes; Physical training; Physiological aspects; Point Mutation; Research and Analysis Methods; Risk factors; Rodents; Stresses; Stroke Volume; Test procedures
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195796

E487K point mutation of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 2 (ALDH2*2) in East Asians intrinsically lowers ALDH2 activity. ALDH2*2 is associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetic patients exhibit heart failure of preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) i.e. while the systolic heart function is preserved in them, they may exhibit diastolic dysfunction, implying a jeopardized myocardial health. Currently, it is challenging to detect cardiac functional deterioration in diabetic mice. Stress echocardiography (echo) in the clinical set-up is a procedure used to measure cardiac reserve and impaired cardiac function in coronary artery diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that high-fat diet fed type-2 diabetic ALDH2*2 mutant mice exhibit HFpEF which can be measured by cardiac echo stress test methodology. We induced type-2 diabetes in 12-week-old male C57BL/6 and ALDH2*2 mice through a high-fat diet. At the end of 4 months of DM induction, we measured the cardiac function in diabetic and control mice of C57BL/6 and ALDH2*2 genotypes by conscious echo. Subsequently, we imposed exercise stress by allowing the mice to run on the treadmill until exhaustion. Post-stress, we measured their cardiac function again. Only after treadmill running, but not at rest, we found a significant decrease in % fractional shortening and % ejection fraction in ALDH2*2 mice with diabetes compared to C57BL/6 diabetic mice as well as non-diabetic (control) ALDH2*2 mice. The diabetic ALDH2*2 mice also exhibited poor maximal running speed and distance. Our data suggest that high-fat fed diabetic ALDH2*2 mice exhibit HFpEF and treadmill exercise stress echo test is able to determine this HFpEF in the diabetic ALDH2*2 mice.