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Linalyl acetate prevents hypertension-related ischemic injury
Ischemic stroke remains an important cause of disability and mortality. Hypertension is a critical risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke. Control of risk factors, including hypertension, is therefore important for the prevention of ischemic stroke. Linalyl acetate (LA) has been reported...
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| Published in: | PloS one 2018-05, Vol.13 (5), p.e0198082 |
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| creator | Hsieh, Yu Shan Kwon, Soonho Lee, Hui Su Seol, Geun Hee |
| description | Ischemic stroke remains an important cause of disability and mortality. Hypertension is a critical risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke. Control of risk factors, including hypertension, is therefore important for the prevention of ischemic stroke. Linalyl acetate (LA) has been reported to have therapeutic effects in ischemic stroke by modulating intracellular Ca2+ concentration and having anti-oxidative properties. The preventive efficacy of LA has not yet been determined. This study therefore investigated the preventive efficacy of LA in rat aortas exposed to hypertension related-ischemic injury, and the mechanism of action of LA.Hypertension was induced in vivo following ischemic injury to the aorta induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation in vitro. Effects of LA were assayed by western blotting, by determining concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by vascular contractility assays. LA significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in vivo. In vitro, LA suppressed ischemic injury-induced expression of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit p47phox, as well as ROS production, LDH release, and ROS-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase suppression. These findings indicate that LA has anti-hypertensive properties that can prevent hypertension-related ischemic injury and can prevent NADPH oxidase-induced production of ROS. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0198082 |
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Hypertension is a critical risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke. Control of risk factors, including hypertension, is therefore important for the prevention of ischemic stroke. Linalyl acetate (LA) has been reported to have therapeutic effects in ischemic stroke by modulating intracellular Ca2+ concentration and having anti-oxidative properties. The preventive efficacy of LA has not yet been determined. This study therefore investigated the preventive efficacy of LA in rat aortas exposed to hypertension related-ischemic injury, and the mechanism of action of LA.Hypertension was induced in vivo following ischemic injury to the aorta induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation in vitro. Effects of LA were assayed by western blotting, by determining concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by vascular contractility assays. LA significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in vivo. In vitro, LA suppressed ischemic injury-induced expression of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit p47phox, as well as ROS production, LDH release, and ROS-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase suppression. These findings indicate that LA has anti-hypertensive properties that can prevent hypertension-related ischemic injury and can prevent NADPH oxidase-induced production of ROS.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198082</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29799836</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acetic acid ; Animals ; Antihypertensive agents ; Antihypertensives ; Aorta ; Apoptosis ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Blood pressure ; Blood Pressure - drug effects ; Brain Ischemia - complications ; Brain Ischemia - metabolism ; Brain Ischemia - physiopathology ; Brain Ischemia - prevention & control ; Calcium (intracellular) ; Calcium ions ; Complications and side effects ; Contractility ; Deprivation ; Disease prevention ; Dosage and administration ; Drug therapy ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects ; Glucose ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; Hypertension ; Hypertension - complications ; Injury prevention ; Ischemia ; L-Lactate dehydrogenase ; Laboratory animals ; Lactate dehydrogenase ; Lactic acid ; Linalyl acetate ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Monoterpenes - pharmacology ; Mortality ; NAD(P)H oxidase ; NADPH Oxidases - metabolism ; NADPH-diaphorase ; Neurological disorders ; Nicotinamide ; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ; Nicotine ; Nitric oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - metabolism ; Nitric-oxide synthase ; Nursing schools ; Oils & fats ; Oxidase ; Oxidative stress ; Oxygen ; Oxygen - metabolism ; Physical Sciences ; Physiology ; Polyethylene glycol ; Prevention ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive oxygen species ; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Risk management ; Rodents ; Stroke ; Systematic review ; Vasodilator Agents - pharmacology ; Western blotting</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2018-05, Vol.13 (5), p.e0198082</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2018 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2018 Hsieh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2018 Hsieh et al 2018 Hsieh et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-bc70dd99088834c32a4dea6c2f34bcdddfcaffd8f9f378ca977cd7974624890c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-bc70dd99088834c32a4dea6c2f34bcdddfcaffd8f9f378ca977cd7974624890c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2986-9688</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2044301343/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2044301343?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29799836$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Zhang, Lubo</contributor><creatorcontrib>Hsieh, Yu Shan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwon, Soonho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Hui Su</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seol, Geun Hee</creatorcontrib><title>Linalyl acetate prevents hypertension-related ischemic injury</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Ischemic stroke remains an important cause of disability and mortality. Hypertension is a critical risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke. Control of risk factors, including hypertension, is therefore important for the prevention of ischemic stroke. Linalyl acetate (LA) has been reported to have therapeutic effects in ischemic stroke by modulating intracellular Ca2+ concentration and having anti-oxidative properties. The preventive efficacy of LA has not yet been determined. This study therefore investigated the preventive efficacy of LA in rat aortas exposed to hypertension related-ischemic injury, and the mechanism of action of LA.Hypertension was induced in vivo following ischemic injury to the aorta induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation in vitro. Effects of LA were assayed by western blotting, by determining concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by vascular contractility assays. LA significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in vivo. In vitro, LA suppressed ischemic injury-induced expression of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit p47phox, as well as ROS production, LDH release, and ROS-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase suppression. These findings indicate that LA has anti-hypertensive properties that can prevent hypertension-related ischemic injury and can prevent NADPH oxidase-induced production of ROS.</description><subject>Acetic acid</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antihypertensive agents</subject><subject>Antihypertensives</subject><subject>Aorta</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Blood Pressure - drug effects</subject><subject>Brain Ischemia - complications</subject><subject>Brain Ischemia - metabolism</subject><subject>Brain Ischemia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Brain Ischemia - prevention & control</subject><subject>Calcium (intracellular)</subject><subject>Calcium ions</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Contractility</subject><subject>Deprivation</subject><subject>Disease prevention</subject><subject>Dosage and administration</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Hypertension - complications</subject><subject>Injury prevention</subject><subject>Ischemia</subject><subject>L-Lactate dehydrogenase</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Lactate dehydrogenase</subject><subject>Lactic acid</subject><subject>Linalyl acetate</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Monoterpenes - pharmacology</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>NAD(P)H oxidase</subject><subject>NADPH Oxidases - metabolism</subject><subject>NADPH-diaphorase</subject><subject>Neurological disorders</subject><subject>Nicotinamide</subject><subject>Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide</subject><subject>Nicotine</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - metabolism</subject><subject>Nitric-oxide synthase</subject><subject>Nursing schools</subject><subject>Oils & fats</subject><subject>Oxidase</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Oxygen - metabolism</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Polyethylene glycol</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Reactive oxygen species</subject><subject>Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Risk management</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Stroke</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Vasodilator Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Western blotting</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkluLGyEYhofS0j20_6C0A4WlvZjUUWfUixaWpYdAYKGnWzEeEoMZZ9VZmn9fs5ldMmUviheKPt_7HXyL4lUNZjUi9YeNH0In3Kz3nZ6BmlFA4ZPitGYIVi0E6OnR-aQ4i3EDQINo2z4vTiAjjFHUnhYfFzaL7FwppE4i6bIP-lZ3KZbrXa9D0l20vquCdvlRlTbKtd5aWdpuM4Tdi-KZES7ql-N-Xvz68vnn1bdqcf11fnW5qCRpaKqWkgClGAOUUoQlggIrLVoJDcJLqZQyUhijqGEGESoFI0QqwghuIaYMSHRevDno9s5HPnYeOQQYI1AjjDIxPxDKiw3vg92KsONeWH534cOKi5CsdJoLg5hhVEIgBYaQsLoBQGWVXJtgS5W1Po3ZhuVWK5nHEYSbiE5fOrvmK3_LG9bmokkWeDcKBH8z6Jj4Ng9OOyc67Ye7uhvIUNs0GX37D_p4dyO1ErkB2xmf88q9KL9sMICshbTO1OwRKi-1_7JsE2Pz_STg_SQgM0n_SSsxxMjnP77_P3v9e8peHLFrLVxaR--GlK0UpyA-gDL4GIM2D0OuAd-7_H4afO9yPro8h70-_qCHoHtbo78pePd9</recordid><startdate>20180525</startdate><enddate>20180525</enddate><creator>Hsieh, Yu Shan</creator><creator>Kwon, Soonho</creator><creator>Lee, Hui Su</creator><creator>Seol, Geun Hee</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-9688</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180525</creationdate><title>Linalyl acetate prevents hypertension-related ischemic injury</title><author>Hsieh, Yu Shan ; Kwon, Soonho ; Lee, Hui Su ; Seol, Geun Hee</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-bc70dd99088834c32a4dea6c2f34bcdddfcaffd8f9f378ca977cd7974624890c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Acetic acid</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antihypertensive agents</topic><topic>Antihypertensives</topic><topic>Aorta</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Blood Pressure - drug effects</topic><topic>Brain Ischemia - complications</topic><topic>Brain Ischemia - metabolism</topic><topic>Brain Ischemia - physiopathology</topic><topic>Brain Ischemia - prevention & control</topic><topic>Calcium (intracellular)</topic><topic>Calcium ions</topic><topic>Complications and side effects</topic><topic>Contractility</topic><topic>Deprivation</topic><topic>Disease prevention</topic><topic>Dosage and administration</topic><topic>Drug therapy</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Hypertension - complications</topic><topic>Injury prevention</topic><topic>Ischemia</topic><topic>L-Lactate dehydrogenase</topic><topic>Laboratory animals</topic><topic>Lactate dehydrogenase</topic><topic>Lactic acid</topic><topic>Linalyl acetate</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Monoterpenes - pharmacology</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>NAD(P)H oxidase</topic><topic>NADPH Oxidases - metabolism</topic><topic>NADPH-diaphorase</topic><topic>Neurological disorders</topic><topic>Nicotinamide</topic><topic>Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide</topic><topic>Nicotine</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - metabolism</topic><topic>Nitric-oxide synthase</topic><topic>Nursing schools</topic><topic>Oils & fats</topic><topic>Oxidase</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Oxygen - metabolism</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Polyethylene glycol</topic><topic>Prevention</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Reactive oxygen species</topic><topic>Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Risk analysis</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Risk management</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Stroke</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><topic>Vasodilator Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Western blotting</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hsieh, Yu Shan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwon, Soonho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Hui Su</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seol, Geun Hee</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health Medical collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hsieh, Yu Shan</au><au>Kwon, Soonho</au><au>Lee, Hui Su</au><au>Seol, Geun Hee</au><au>Zhang, Lubo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Linalyl acetate prevents hypertension-related ischemic injury</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2018-05-25</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0198082</spage><pages>e0198082-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Ischemic stroke remains an important cause of disability and mortality. Hypertension is a critical risk factor for the development of ischemic stroke. Control of risk factors, including hypertension, is therefore important for the prevention of ischemic stroke. Linalyl acetate (LA) has been reported to have therapeutic effects in ischemic stroke by modulating intracellular Ca2+ concentration and having anti-oxidative properties. The preventive efficacy of LA has not yet been determined. This study therefore investigated the preventive efficacy of LA in rat aortas exposed to hypertension related-ischemic injury, and the mechanism of action of LA.Hypertension was induced in vivo following ischemic injury to the aorta induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation in vitro. Effects of LA were assayed by western blotting, by determining concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by vascular contractility assays. LA significantly reduced systolic blood pressure in vivo. In vitro, LA suppressed ischemic injury-induced expression of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit p47phox, as well as ROS production, LDH release, and ROS-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase suppression. These findings indicate that LA has anti-hypertensive properties that can prevent hypertension-related ischemic injury and can prevent NADPH oxidase-induced production of ROS.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>29799836</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0198082</doi><tpages>e0198082</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-9688</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | PloS one, 2018-05, Vol.13 (5), p.e0198082 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2044301343 |
| source | Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3); PubMed Central (Open access) |
| subjects | Acetic acid Animals Antihypertensive agents Antihypertensives Aorta Apoptosis Biology and Life Sciences Blood pressure Blood Pressure - drug effects Brain Ischemia - complications Brain Ischemia - metabolism Brain Ischemia - physiopathology Brain Ischemia - prevention & control Calcium (intracellular) Calcium ions Complications and side effects Contractility Deprivation Disease prevention Dosage and administration Drug therapy Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects Glucose Health aspects Health risks Hypertension Hypertension - complications Injury prevention Ischemia L-Lactate dehydrogenase Laboratory animals Lactate dehydrogenase Lactic acid Linalyl acetate Male Medicine and Health Sciences Monoterpenes - pharmacology Mortality NAD(P)H oxidase NADPH Oxidases - metabolism NADPH-diaphorase Neurological disorders Nicotinamide Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Nicotine Nitric oxide Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - metabolism Nitric-oxide synthase Nursing schools Oils & fats Oxidase Oxidative stress Oxygen Oxygen - metabolism Physical Sciences Physiology Polyethylene glycol Prevention Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Reactive oxygen species Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism Research and Analysis Methods Risk analysis Risk factors Risk management Rodents Stroke Systematic review Vasodilator Agents - pharmacology Western blotting |
| title | Linalyl acetate prevents hypertension-related ischemic injury |
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