New insights into leishmaniasis in the immunosuppressed

Immunosuppression contributes significantly to the caseload of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). HIV coinfection, solid organ transplantation, malnutrition, and helminth infections are the most important immunosuppression-related factors. This review briefly describes the challenges of these associations...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2018-05, Vol.12 (5), p.e0006375-e0006375
Main Authors: Akuffo, Hannah, Costa, Carlos, van Griensven, Johan, Burza, Sakib, Moreno, Javier, Herrero, Mercè
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antiretroviral drugs
Biology and Life Sciences
Care and treatment
Cohorts
Development and progression
Dietary supplements
Disease prophylaxis
Health aspects
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immunocompromised host
Immunodeficiency
Immunosuppression
Infections
Leishmania donovani
Malnutrition
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mineral nutrients
Nutrients
Parasitic diseases
Parasitology
Poverty
Prophylaxis
Review
Schistosoma mansoni
Studies
Sustainability
Therapy
Transplantation
Tropical diseases
Vector-borne diseases
Visceral leishmaniasis
Workers
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Summary:Immunosuppression contributes significantly to the caseload of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). HIV coinfection, solid organ transplantation, malnutrition, and helminth infections are the most important immunosuppression-related factors. This review briefly describes the challenges of these associations. East Africa and the Indian subcontinent are the places where HIV imposes the highest burden in VL. In the highlands of Northern Ethiopia, migrant rural workers are at a greater risk of coinfection and malnutrition, while in India, HIV reduces the sustainability of a successful elimination programme. As shown from a longitudinal cohort in Madrid, VL is an additional threat to solid organ transplantation. The association with malnutrition is more complex since it can be both a cause and a consequence of VL. Different regimes for therapy and secondary prevention are discussed as well as the role of nutrients on the prophylaxis of VL in poverty-stricken endemic areas.
ISSN:1935-2735
1935-2727
1935-2735
DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006375