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Environmental factors effecting the germination and seedling emergence of two populations of an aggressive agricultural weed; Nassella trichotoma
Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (Serrated tussock) is an aggressive globally significant weed to agricultural and natural ecosystems. Herbicide resistant populations of this C3 perennial weed have emerged, increasing the need for effective wide-scale cultural control strategies. A thoro...
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Published in: | PloS one 2018-07, Vol.13 (7), p.e0199491-e0199491 |
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description | Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (Serrated tussock) is an aggressive globally significant weed to agricultural and natural ecosystems. Herbicide resistant populations of this C3 perennial weed have emerged, increasing the need for effective wide-scale cultural control strategies. A thorough seed ecology study on two spatially distinct populations of N. trichotoma was conducted on this weed to identify differences in important environmental factors (drought, salinity, alternating temperature, photoperiod, burial depth, soil pH, artificial seed aging, and radiant heat) which influence seed dormancy. Seeds were collected from two spatially distinct populations; Gnarwarre (38 O 9' 8.892'' S, 144 O 7' 38.784'' E) and Ingliston (37O 40' 4.44'' S, 144 O 18' 39.24'' E) in December 2016 and February 2017, respectively. Twenty sterilized seeds were placed into Petri dishes lined with a single Whatman® No. 10 filter paper dampened with the relevant treatments solution and then incubated under the identified optimal alternating temperature and photoperiod regime of 25°C/15°C (light/dark, 12h/12h). For the burial depth treatment, 20 seeds were placed into plastic containers (10cm in diameter and 6cm in depth) and buried to the relevant depth in sterilized soil. All trials were monitored for 30 days and germination was indicated by 5mm exposure of the radicle and emergence was indicated by the exposure of the cotyledon. Each treatment had three replicates for each population, and each treatment was repeated to give a total of six replicates per treatment, per population. Nassella trichotoma was identified to be non-photoblastic, with germination (%) being similar under alternating light and dark and complete darkness conditions. With an increase of osmotic potential and salinity, a significant decline in germination was observed. There was no effect of pH on germination. Exposure to a radiant heat of 120°C for 9 minutes resulted in the lowest germination in the Ingliston population (33%) and the Gnarwarre population (60%). In the burial depth treatment, the Ingliston population and the Gnarwarre population had highest emergence of 75% and 80%, respectively at a depth of 1cm. Variation between the two populations was observed for the burial depth treatments; Gnarwarre had greater emergence than Ingliston from the 4cm burial depth, while Ingliston had greater emergence at the soil surface than Gnarwarre. The Gnarwarre population had greater overall germination |
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(Serrated tussock) is an aggressive globally significant weed to agricultural and natural ecosystems. Herbicide resistant populations of this C3 perennial weed have emerged, increasing the need for effective wide-scale cultural control strategies. A thorough seed ecology study on two spatially distinct populations of N. trichotoma was conducted on this weed to identify differences in important environmental factors (drought, salinity, alternating temperature, photoperiod, burial depth, soil pH, artificial seed aging, and radiant heat) which influence seed dormancy. Seeds were collected from two spatially distinct populations; Gnarwarre (38 O 9' 8.892'' S, 144 O 7' 38.784'' E) and Ingliston (37O 40' 4.44'' S, 144 O 18' 39.24'' E) in December 2016 and February 2017, respectively. Twenty sterilized seeds were placed into Petri dishes lined with a single Whatman® No. 10 filter paper dampened with the relevant treatments solution and then incubated under the identified optimal alternating temperature and photoperiod regime of 25°C/15°C (light/dark, 12h/12h). For the burial depth treatment, 20 seeds were placed into plastic containers (10cm in diameter and 6cm in depth) and buried to the relevant depth in sterilized soil. All trials were monitored for 30 days and germination was indicated by 5mm exposure of the radicle and emergence was indicated by the exposure of the cotyledon. Each treatment had three replicates for each population, and each treatment was repeated to give a total of six replicates per treatment, per population. Nassella trichotoma was identified to be non-photoblastic, with germination (%) being similar under alternating light and dark and complete darkness conditions. With an increase of osmotic potential and salinity, a significant decline in germination was observed. There was no effect of pH on germination. Exposure to a radiant heat of 120°C for 9 minutes resulted in the lowest germination in the Ingliston population (33%) and the Gnarwarre population (60%). In the burial depth treatment, the Ingliston population and the Gnarwarre population had highest emergence of 75% and 80%, respectively at a depth of 1cm. Variation between the two populations was observed for the burial depth treatments; Gnarwarre had greater emergence than Ingliston from the 4cm burial depth, while Ingliston had greater emergence at the soil surface than Gnarwarre. The Gnarwarre population had greater overall germination than Ingliston, which could be attributed to the greater seed mass (0.86mg compared to 0.76mg, respectively). This study identifies that spatial variations in N. trichotoma's seed ecology are present between spatially distinct populations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199491</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29975730</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Aging ; Aging (artificial) ; Aging (natural) ; Agricultural ecosystems ; Agrochemicals ; Ambrosia artemisiifolia ; Analysis ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Competition ; Containers ; Crops ; Cultural control ; Darkness ; Dormancy ; Drought ; Droughts ; Ecological effects ; Ecological monitoring ; Ecological stress ; Ecology ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Emergence ; Environment ; Environmental factors ; Exposure ; Filter paper ; Germination ; Grasses ; Herbicide resistance ; Nassella trichotoma ; Osmotic potential ; pH effects ; Photoperiod ; Physical Sciences ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Plant sciences ; Plant Weeds ; Poaceae - physiology ; Populations ; Rain ; Salinity ; Salinity effects ; Seasons ; Seedlings ; Seeds ; Soil chemistry ; Soil pH ; Soil temperature ; Soils ; Spatial variations ; Temperature ; Weeds</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2018-07, Vol.13 (7), p.e0199491-e0199491</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2018 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2018 Humphries et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2018 Humphries et al 2018 Humphries et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-572a6551bd6bbdfe023615cd38dfee71f7c1b6ff8508824438c3c31e6d4f00cf3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-572a6551bd6bbdfe023615cd38dfee71f7c1b6ff8508824438c3c31e6d4f00cf3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5734-3421</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2064780781/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2064780781?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29975730$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Lightfoot, David A.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Humphries, Talia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chauhan, Bhagirath S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Florentine, Singarayer K</creatorcontrib><title>Environmental factors effecting the germination and seedling emergence of two populations of an aggressive agricultural weed; Nassella trichotoma</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (Serrated tussock) is an aggressive globally significant weed to agricultural and natural ecosystems. Herbicide resistant populations of this C3 perennial weed have emerged, increasing the need for effective wide-scale cultural control strategies. A thorough seed ecology study on two spatially distinct populations of N. trichotoma was conducted on this weed to identify differences in important environmental factors (drought, salinity, alternating temperature, photoperiod, burial depth, soil pH, artificial seed aging, and radiant heat) which influence seed dormancy. Seeds were collected from two spatially distinct populations; Gnarwarre (38 O 9' 8.892'' S, 144 O 7' 38.784'' E) and Ingliston (37O 40' 4.44'' S, 144 O 18' 39.24'' E) in December 2016 and February 2017, respectively. Twenty sterilized seeds were placed into Petri dishes lined with a single Whatman® No. 10 filter paper dampened with the relevant treatments solution and then incubated under the identified optimal alternating temperature and photoperiod regime of 25°C/15°C (light/dark, 12h/12h). For the burial depth treatment, 20 seeds were placed into plastic containers (10cm in diameter and 6cm in depth) and buried to the relevant depth in sterilized soil. All trials were monitored for 30 days and germination was indicated by 5mm exposure of the radicle and emergence was indicated by the exposure of the cotyledon. Each treatment had three replicates for each population, and each treatment was repeated to give a total of six replicates per treatment, per population. Nassella trichotoma was identified to be non-photoblastic, with germination (%) being similar under alternating light and dark and complete darkness conditions. With an increase of osmotic potential and salinity, a significant decline in germination was observed. There was no effect of pH on germination. Exposure to a radiant heat of 120°C for 9 minutes resulted in the lowest germination in the Ingliston population (33%) and the Gnarwarre population (60%). In the burial depth treatment, the Ingliston population and the Gnarwarre population had highest emergence of 75% and 80%, respectively at a depth of 1cm. Variation between the two populations was observed for the burial depth treatments; Gnarwarre had greater emergence than Ingliston from the 4cm burial depth, while Ingliston had greater emergence at the soil surface than Gnarwarre. The Gnarwarre population had greater overall germination than Ingliston, which could be attributed to the greater seed mass (0.86mg compared to 0.76mg, respectively). This study identifies that spatial variations in N. trichotoma's seed ecology are present between spatially distinct populations.</description><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Aging (artificial)</subject><subject>Aging (natural)</subject><subject>Agricultural ecosystems</subject><subject>Agrochemicals</subject><subject>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Competition</subject><subject>Containers</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Cultural control</subject><subject>Darkness</subject><subject>Dormancy</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>Droughts</subject><subject>Ecological effects</subject><subject>Ecological monitoring</subject><subject>Ecological stress</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Emergence</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental factors</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Filter paper</subject><subject>Germination</subject><subject>Grasses</subject><subject>Herbicide resistance</subject><subject>Nassella trichotoma</subject><subject>Osmotic potential</subject><subject>pH effects</subject><subject>Photoperiod</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Plant sciences</subject><subject>Plant Weeds</subject><subject>Poaceae - physiology</subject><subject>Populations</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Salinity effects</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Seedlings</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Soil chemistry</subject><subject>Soil pH</subject><subject>Soil temperature</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Spatial variations</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Weeds</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk11rFDEUhgdRbF39B6IDgujFrvmYTwShlKoLxYJftyGbOZnNkkm2SWarP8N_bGZ3WnakFzIXk5w85z3Jm5wkeY7RAtMSv9vY3hmuF1trYIFwXWc1fpCc4pqSeUEQfXg0PkmeeL9BKKdVUTxOTkhdl3lJ0Wny58LslLOmAxO4TiUXwTqfgpQggjJtGtaQtuA6ZXhQ1qTcNKkHaPSwCB24FoyA1Mo03Nh0a7e93oN-CPHIt60D79UO4tAp0evQu1jpJmq8T79w70Frnoa4tLbBdvxp8khy7eHZ-J8lPz5efD__PL-8-rQ8P7uci6ImYZ6XhBd5jldNsVo1EhChBc5FQ6s4gRLLUuBVIWWVo6oiWUYrQQXFUDSZREhIOkteHnS32no2uukZQUVWVqiscCSWB6KxfMO2TnXc_WaWK7YPWNcy7oISGthKxCsRsiY1L7OqERwhUjVQIkorJEgVtT6M1fpVB42IdkcXJqLTFaPWrLU7VkSJDA8Cb0YBZ6978IF1yovBOwO23-87bpyWseQsefUPev_pRqrl8QDKSBvrikGUneVZnpOc4DxSi3uo-DXQKRGfnlQxPkl4O0mITIBfoeW992z57ev_s1c_p-zrI3YNXIe1t7rfv7UpmB1A4az3DuSdyRixoXNu3WBD57Cxc2Lai-MLuku6bRX6F6kfFrI</recordid><startdate>20180705</startdate><enddate>20180705</enddate><creator>Humphries, Talia</creator><creator>Chauhan, Bhagirath S</creator><creator>Florentine, Singarayer K</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5734-3421</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180705</creationdate><title>Environmental factors effecting the germination and seedling emergence of two populations of an aggressive agricultural weed; Nassella trichotoma</title><author>Humphries, Talia ; Chauhan, Bhagirath S ; Florentine, Singarayer K</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-572a6551bd6bbdfe023615cd38dfee71f7c1b6ff8508824438c3c31e6d4f00cf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Aging (artificial)</topic><topic>Aging (natural)</topic><topic>Agricultural ecosystems</topic><topic>Agrochemicals</topic><topic>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Competition</topic><topic>Containers</topic><topic>Crops</topic><topic>Cultural control</topic><topic>Darkness</topic><topic>Dormancy</topic><topic>Drought</topic><topic>Droughts</topic><topic>Ecological effects</topic><topic>Ecological monitoring</topic><topic>Ecological stress</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Emergence</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental factors</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Filter paper</topic><topic>Germination</topic><topic>Grasses</topic><topic>Herbicide resistance</topic><topic>Nassella trichotoma</topic><topic>Osmotic potential</topic><topic>pH effects</topic><topic>Photoperiod</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Plant sciences</topic><topic>Plant Weeds</topic><topic>Poaceae - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Humphries, Talia</au><au>Chauhan, Bhagirath S</au><au>Florentine, Singarayer K</au><au>Lightfoot, David A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Environmental factors effecting the germination and seedling emergence of two populations of an aggressive agricultural weed; Nassella trichotoma</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2018-07-05</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0199491</spage><epage>e0199491</epage><pages>e0199491-e0199491</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (Serrated tussock) is an aggressive globally significant weed to agricultural and natural ecosystems. Herbicide resistant populations of this C3 perennial weed have emerged, increasing the need for effective wide-scale cultural control strategies. A thorough seed ecology study on two spatially distinct populations of N. trichotoma was conducted on this weed to identify differences in important environmental factors (drought, salinity, alternating temperature, photoperiod, burial depth, soil pH, artificial seed aging, and radiant heat) which influence seed dormancy. Seeds were collected from two spatially distinct populations; Gnarwarre (38 O 9' 8.892'' S, 144 O 7' 38.784'' E) and Ingliston (37O 40' 4.44'' S, 144 O 18' 39.24'' E) in December 2016 and February 2017, respectively. Twenty sterilized seeds were placed into Petri dishes lined with a single Whatman® No. 10 filter paper dampened with the relevant treatments solution and then incubated under the identified optimal alternating temperature and photoperiod regime of 25°C/15°C (light/dark, 12h/12h). For the burial depth treatment, 20 seeds were placed into plastic containers (10cm in diameter and 6cm in depth) and buried to the relevant depth in sterilized soil. All trials were monitored for 30 days and germination was indicated by 5mm exposure of the radicle and emergence was indicated by the exposure of the cotyledon. Each treatment had three replicates for each population, and each treatment was repeated to give a total of six replicates per treatment, per population. Nassella trichotoma was identified to be non-photoblastic, with germination (%) being similar under alternating light and dark and complete darkness conditions. With an increase of osmotic potential and salinity, a significant decline in germination was observed. There was no effect of pH on germination. Exposure to a radiant heat of 120°C for 9 minutes resulted in the lowest germination in the Ingliston population (33%) and the Gnarwarre population (60%). In the burial depth treatment, the Ingliston population and the Gnarwarre population had highest emergence of 75% and 80%, respectively at a depth of 1cm. Variation between the two populations was observed for the burial depth treatments; Gnarwarre had greater emergence than Ingliston from the 4cm burial depth, while Ingliston had greater emergence at the soil surface than Gnarwarre. The Gnarwarre population had greater overall germination than Ingliston, which could be attributed to the greater seed mass (0.86mg compared to 0.76mg, respectively). This study identifies that spatial variations in N. trichotoma's seed ecology are present between spatially distinct populations.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>29975730</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0199491</doi><tpages>e0199491</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5734-3421</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
ispartof | PloS one, 2018-07, Vol.13 (7), p.e0199491-e0199491 |
issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2064780781 |
source | Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central |
subjects | Aging Aging (artificial) Aging (natural) Agricultural ecosystems Agrochemicals Ambrosia artemisiifolia Analysis Biology and Life Sciences Competition Containers Crops Cultural control Darkness Dormancy Drought Droughts Ecological effects Ecological monitoring Ecological stress Ecology Ecology and Environmental Sciences Emergence Environment Environmental factors Exposure Filter paper Germination Grasses Herbicide resistance Nassella trichotoma Osmotic potential pH effects Photoperiod Physical Sciences Physiological aspects Physiology Plant sciences Plant Weeds Poaceae - physiology Populations Rain Salinity Salinity effects Seasons Seedlings Seeds Soil chemistry Soil pH Soil temperature Soils Spatial variations Temperature Weeds |
title | Environmental factors effecting the germination and seedling emergence of two populations of an aggressive agricultural weed; Nassella trichotoma |
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