An impact evaluation of two rounds of mass drug administration on the prevalence of active trachoma: A clustered cross sectional survey

• Published in: PloS one 2018-08, Vol.13 (8), p.e0201911
• Main Authors: Amnie, Asrat Genet, Emerson, Paul, McFarland, Deborah, King, Jonathon, Miri, Emmanuel, Dickman, Lisa
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Antibiotics; Azithromycin; Biology and Life Sciences; Care and treatment; Child; Child, Preschool; Children; Community support; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disease; Disease prevention; Distribution; Drug therapy; Female; Girls; Households; Humans; Infant; Infections; Intervention; Local government; Male; Mass Drug Administration; Medicine and Health Sciences; Nigeria - epidemiology; People and Places; Prevalence; Public health; Qualitative research; Reduction; Risk factors; Sanitation; Statistical analysis; Systematic review; Trachoma; Trachoma - drug therapy; Trachoma - epidemiology; Trichiasis - drug therapy; Trichiasis - epidemiology; Tropical diseases
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201911

We investigated the impact of two round of mass drug administration on trachoma prevalence in Plateau and Nasarawa States of Nigeria. The mass drug administration was conducted as a component of the SAFE Strategy, a combination of interventions recommended for the global elimination of blinding trachoma. The study consisted of a two-stage cross-sectional clustered sample survey in which 3990 people from 793 households were screened for clinical signs of trachoma. Of the total 3990 people examined, 1530 were children, of which 808 (53%) were boys and 704 (47%) were girls. The impact of intervention as measured by the changes in overall prevalence of follicular trachoma were as follows: At baseline the overall prevalence of follicular trachoma among children 1-9 years of age was 6.4%, 95% CI [5.8, 7.0]; the overall prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis in the total population was 0.20%, 95% CI [0.16, 0.25]. At follow up, the overall prevalence of follicular trachoma among children 1-9 years of age was 3.4%, 95% CI [1.9, 4.9]; the overall prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis in the total population was 0.20%, 95% CI [0.00, 0.05]. The highest statistically significant reduction (96%) in follicular trachoma prevalence was observed in Doma Local Government Area of Nasarawa State from baseline prevalence of 13.6%, 95% CI [9.7, 17.5] to follow-up prevalence of 0.5%, 95% CI [0.0, 1.5] and the lowest reduction (58%) in follicular trachoma prevalence was observed in Langtang North Local Government Area of Plateau State from baseline prevalence of 15.8%, 95% CI [9.3, 22.3] to 6.6%, 95% CI [1.6, 11.6], (p