Benefits of resistance training on body composition and glucose clearance are inhibited by long-term low carbohydrate diet in rats

• Published in: PloS one 2018-12, Vol.13 (12), p.e0207951-e0207951
• Main Authors: Stotzer, Uliana Sbeguen, Pisani, Graziéle Fernanda Deriggi, Canevazzi, Gustavo Henrique Rigo, Shiguemoto, Gilberto Eiji, Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira, Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade, Selistre-de-Araújo, Heloisa Sobreiro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Absorptiometry; Analysis; Animals; Biochemistry; Biology and Life Sciences; Blood Glucose; Blood glucose tests; Body composition; Body composition (biology); Body Composition - physiology; Body weight; Body Weight - physiology; Bone composition; Bone density; Bone Density - physiology; Bone mineral density; Carbohydrates; Cholesterol; Composition effects; Diabetes; Diet; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted - adverse effects; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; Energy Intake; Exercise; Feed efficiency; Fitness training programs; Glucose; Glucose - metabolism; Glucose tolerance; Glucose Tolerance Test; Health aspects; High carbohydrate diet; High fat diet; Homeostasis; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Legal fees; Lipids; Liquid crystal displays; Liver; Low carbohydrate diet; Low density lipoprotein; Low density lipoproteins; Low fat diet; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy; Metabolic Syndrome - physiopathology; Metabolic Syndrome - prevention & control; Metabolism; Models, Animal; Musculoskeletal system; Nutrient deficiency; Obesity; Parameters; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Physical fitness; Physical Sciences; Physical training; Physiology; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Resistance Training; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Rodents; Sexually transmitted diseases; Strength training; Training; Trans fatty acids; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides; Weight control; Weight training
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207951

Regular exercise training is effective to altering many markers of metabolic syndrome and its effects are strongly influenced by the type of consumed diet. Nowadays, resistance training (RT) has been frequently associated with low-carbohydrate high-fat diet (LCD). After long term these diets causes body weight (BW) regain with deleterious effects on body composition and metabolic risk factors. The effects of RT associated with long-term LCD on these parameters remain unexplored. We aimed to investigate the effects of RT when associated with long-term LCD on BW, feed efficiency, body composition, glucose homeostasis, liver parameters and serum biochemical parameters during BW regain period in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with LCD (LC groups) or standard diet (STD) (ST groups). After 10 weeks-diet animals were separated into sedentary (Sed-LC and Sed-ST) and resistance-trained (RT-LC and RT-ST) groups (N = 8/group). RT groups performed an 11-week climbing program on a ladder with progressive load. Dual x-ray absorptiometry, glucose tolerance tests and insulin tolerance tests were performed at weeks 10 and 20. Liver and serum were collected at week 21. RT reduced feed efficiency, BW gain, liver fat and total and LDL cholesterol, and improved body composition and glucose clearance in animals fed on STD. In those fed with LCD, RT reduced caloric intake, BW regain, liver fat and serum triglycerides levels. However, improvement in body composition was inhibited and bone mineral density and glucose clearance was further impaired in this association. The LCD nullifies the beneficial effects of RT on body composition, glucose homeostasis and impairs some health parameters. Our results do not support the association of RT with LCD in a long term period.