Longitudinal changes in the expression of IL-33 and IL-33 regulated genes in relapsing remitting MS

• Published in: PloS one 2018-12, Vol.13 (12), p.e0208755-e0208755
• Main Authors: Sriram, Subramaniam, Shaginurova, Guzel, Tossberg, John T, Natarajan, Chandramohan, Spurlock, 3rd, Charles F, Aune, Thomas M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptive immunity; Adult; Biology and Life Sciences; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - blood; Chronic fatigue syndrome; Correlation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytokines; Data recovery; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Diagnosis; Disease Progression; DNA; DNA repair; Female; Flow cytometry; Gene Expression; Gene sequencing; Genes; Genetic aspects; Genomes; Humans; Immune system; Immunity; Inflammation; Interleukin-33 - blood; Kinetics; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Middle Aged; Mitochondrial DNA; mRNA; Multiple sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - blood; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - diagnostic imaging; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting - therapy; Neurology; Patients; Proteins; Repair; Research and Analysis Methods; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; RNA sequencing; RNA, Messenger - blood; Spinal cord; Splicing; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208755

We tested the hypothesis that the expression of IL-33 in MS is dynamic and is likely to reflect the clinical and radiological changes during the course of RRMS. MS with either clinical or radiological relapses were recruited for the study and followed for one year. IL-33 and a panel of genes was measured by q PCR and flow cytometry at different time points. Among 22 RRMS patients, 4 patients showed highest levels of IL-33 at the time they were recruited to the study (Month 0); in 14 patients highest levels of IL-33 were seen between 6-11 months after relapse and in 4 patients maximal levels of IL-33 were seen 12 months after relapse. A similar pattern of IL-33 kinetics was seen when IL-33 was measured by flow cytometry in an additional cohort of 12 patients. The timing of the improvement clinically did not correlate with IL-33 expression with highest expression levels either preceding or following clinical recovery. From our whole genome RNA-sequencing data we found a strong correlation between expression levels of IL-33 and a ~2000 mRNA genes. However, none of these genes encoded proteins involved in either innate or adaptive immunity. Rather, many of the genes that correlated highly with IL-33 encoded to proteins involved in DNA repair or mitochondrial function and mRNA splicing pathways. Given the neuro-reparative and remodeling functions attributed to IL-33, it is likely that some of the novel genes we have uncovered may be involved in repair and recovery of the CNS in MS.