Geoenvironmental characteristics of bisphenol A contaminated soil after persulfate treatment with different activation/enhancement methods

• Published in: PloS one 2019-04, Vol.14 (4), p.e0214024
• Main Authors: Liu, Fuming, Chen, Yong-Zhan, Yi, Shuping, Zhou, Wan-Huan, Xie, Linshen, Ma, Hongyun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Benzhydryl Compounds - chemistry; Biology and Life Sciences; Bisphenol A; Brownfields; Calcium carbonate; Calcium ions; Carbonates; Carbonates - chemistry; Civil engineering; Drawing and ironing; Dredging; Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Engineering; Environmental aspects; Environmental engineering; Environmental Pollution; Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods; Environmental science; Geoengineering; Groundwater; Internet of Things; Iron; Iron - chemistry; Laboratories; Mineralization; Organic chemistry; Organic contaminants; Oxidation; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidation-reduction reactions; Persulfates; Phenols; Phenols (Class of compounds); Phenols - chemistry; Physical Sciences; Sediment pollution; Sediments; Sediments (Geology); Shear strength; Shear tests; Soil - chemistry; Soil contamination; Soil improvement; Soil Pollutants - chemistry; Soil pollution; Soil properties; Soil sciences; Soil strength; Soil structure; Soils; Sulfate; Sulfates; Sulfates - chemistry; Technology; Tempering
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214024

Persulfate (PSF) is a strong oxidant that has been used extensively in the In-Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) technology. The geoenvironmental impact of PSF treatment is barely investigated. This situation should be carefully considered as it may affect the reutilization of contaminated soil as engineering materials. This paper studied the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) by PSF with Nano Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) and percarbonate (SPC) activated/enhanced and their subsequent impacts on the engineering properties of soil. The physicochemical and geotechnical properties of soils before and after treatment were evaluated using batch experiments. The results indicate that the introduced pristine PSF can be activated by some naturally occurring matters and subsequently lead to the mineralization of BPA. Both non-activated PSF and activated/enhanced PSF treatment led to the soil improvement in the undrained shear strength at different degrees. The primary mechanism of soil improvement is ascribed to the heterogeneous sulfate and/or carbonate precipitation. Meanwhile, Ca2+ in the pore fluid played a significant role in the enhancement of the soil strength. A conclusion was drawn that the treatment of both non-activated PSF, nZVI- and SPC-activated PSF treatment can achieve removal of BPA and soil improvement in the short-term simultaneously. This study can improve the PSF-involved remediation of brownfields and dredged sediments for a sustainable and low-carbon society.