Prevalence, awareness and control of diabetes in Russia: The Ural Eye and Medical Study on adults aged 40+ years

• Published in: PloS one 2019-04, Vol.14 (4), p.e0215636-e0215636
• Main Authors: Bikbov, Mukharram M, Fayzrakhmanov, Rinat R, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M, Zainullin, Rinat M, Arslangareeva, Inga I, Gilmanshin, Timur R, Salavatova, Venera F, Nikitin, Nikolai A, Mukhamadieva, Svetlana R, Yakupova, Dilya F, Khikmatullin, Renat I, Zaynetdinov, Artur F, Uzianbaeva, Yulia V, Aminev, Said K, Nuriev, Ildar F, Jonas, Jost B
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Adults; Age; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis; Awareness; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Blood pressure; Body mass; Body Mass Index; Body size; Cardiovascular diseases; Chronic diseases; Confidence intervals; Control; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent); Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - prevention & control; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - prevention & control; Diabetes therapy; Diabetics; Female; Glucose; Health aspects; Health care; Health screening; Heart attack; Heart diseases; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension - epidemiology; Life expectancy; Male; Meals; Medical research; Metabolic syndrome; Middle Aged; Mortality; Multivariable control; Patient outcomes; Physicians; Population; Population studies; Prevalence; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology); Religion; Risk factors; Rural Population - statistics & numerical data; Russia - epidemiology; Studies; Trends; Triglycerides; Type 1 diabetes; Type 2 diabetes; Urban population; Urban Population - statistics & numerical data; Urban populations
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215636

Non-communicable chronic diseases have become the leading causes of mortality and disease burden worldwide. With information about the frequency of diabetes as a major non-communicable chronic disease in Russia being scarce, we assessed the prevalence of diabetes and its associated factors in a rural and urban population in Russia. The Ural Eye and Medical Study is a population-based study in the city of Ufa/Russia and in villages in a distance of 65 km from Ufa. Inclusion criterion was an age of 40+ years. All study participants underwent a standardized interview and a detailed general examination. Diabetes mellitus was defined by a plasma glucose concentration ≥7.0 mmol/L or self-reported history of physician diagnosis of diabetes. Out of a population of 7328 eligible individuals, 5899 individuals (2580 (43.7%) men) (participation rate:80.5%) participated (mean age:59.0±10.7 years (range:40-94 years)). Diabetes mellitus was present in 687 individuals (11.7%;95% confidence interval (CI):11.9,12.5). Awareness rate of having diabetes was 500/687 (72.8%;95%CI:69.0,76.0), with mean known duration of diabetes of 10.0±9.4 years. Known type 1 diabetes was present in 44 subjects and known type 2 diabetes in 358 subjects. Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 3.2% (95%CI:2.7,3.6) in the study population. Among patients with diabetes, 59.1% (95%CI:55.4,62.8) received treatment for diabetes, among whom 237 (58.5%;95%CI:53.7,63.3) individuals had adequate glycemic control. In multivariable analysis, higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus was associated with older age (P