Trace minerals in tilapia fillets: Status in the United States marketplace and selenium supplementation strategy for improving consumer's health

• Published in: PloS one 2019-06, Vol.14 (6), p.e0217043-e0217043
• Main Authors: Farzad, Razieh, Kuhn, David D, Smith, Stephen A, O'Keefe, Sean F, Ralston, Nicholas V C, Neilson, Andrew P, Gatlin, Delbert M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Aquaculture; Arsenic; Bioavailability; Biology and Life Sciences; Biometrics; Biometry; Cadmium; Calcium; Care and treatment; Clinical trials; Consumer research; Copper; Diet; Dietary minerals; Dietary supplements; Dietary Supplements - analysis; Enzymes; Fatty acids; Fillets; Fish; Fisheries; Fishes; Fishing; Food science; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; Gypsum; Handbooks; Health; Health risks; Iron; Liver - enzymology; Magnesium; Malnutrition; Manganese; Meat quality; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mercury; Metabolism; Methionine; Minerals; Molybdenum; Nutrition research; Nutritional aspects; Nutritive value; Oreochromis niloticus; Peroxidase; Peroxidase - blood; Peroxidase - metabolism; Phosphorus; Physical Sciences; Potassium; Research and Analysis Methods; Retirement benefits; Risk factors; Seafood industry; Selenite; Selenium; Selenium - analysis; Selenium compounds; Sodium; Sodium selenite; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sustainable fisheries; Tilapia; Tilapia - blood; Tilapia - growth & development; Tilapia - metabolism; Trace minerals; Trout; United States; Zinc
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217043

This goal of this study was to highlight the importance of minerals in the diet of fish for meeting micronutrient requirements in the human diet. First arsenic, calcium, cadmium, copper, iron, molybdenum, magnesium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, and zinc concentrations of twelve commercially available tilapia samples were measured. The nutritional value of fillets in regard to their mineral content were assessed to establish potential health benefits or risks for consumers. The health benefit value of selenium was also calculated. Positive health benefit values indicate that tilapia fillets in the United States marketplace of this study do not pose health risks associated with mercury exposures. Selenium was the trace mineral of interest. After the market study, a seven-week fish feeding trial was conducted to study the influence of organic versus inorganic dietary selenium on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were fed two different diets enriched with the same concentration (0.01g kg-1) of selenium in form of inorganic (sodium selenite) or organic (seleno-L-methionine) selenium in triplicate groups. There were no significant differences between growth and biometrics of fish fed different diets (p>0.05). At the end of trial twelve fish from each treatment were collected. Fillets of fish fed organic selenium had selenium concentrations of 0.55 ± 0.01 μg g-1 which were significantly (p