Evaluation of canine 2D cell cultures as models of myxomatous mitral valve degeneration

• Published in: PloS one 2019-08, Vol.14 (8), p.e0221126-e0221126
• Main Authors: Tan, Karen, Markby, Greg, Muirhead, Rhona, Blake, Rachel, Bergeron, Lisa, Fici, Greg, Summers, Kim, Macrae, Vicky, Corcoran, Brendan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antibodies; Antigens, Differentiation - metabolism; Biology and Life Sciences; Catheters; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell culture; Cell Culture Techniques; Criminal investigation; Cytology; Degeneration; Deposition; Development and progression; Dog diseases; Dog Diseases - metabolism; Dog Diseases - pathology; Dogs; Endothelial cells; Endothelial Cells - metabolism; Endothelial Cells - pathology; Endothelium; Enzyme inhibitors; Extracellular matrix; Gene expression; Genes; Genotype & phenotype; Growth factors; Heart; Heart valve diseases; Heart valves; Inhibitors; Interstitial cells; Kinases; Medical treatment; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mesenchyme; Mitral valve; Mitral Valve - metabolism; Mitral Valve - pathology; Mitral Valve Prolapse - metabolism; Mitral Valve Prolapse - pathology; Models, Cardiovascular; Morphology; Myofibroblasts - metabolism; Myofibroblasts - pathology; Pathogenesis; Phenotypes; Proteoglycans; Regulators; Research and Analysis Methods; Retention; Signal transduction; Stem cells; Studies; Transforming growth factor-b1; Transforming growth factors; Two dimensional models; Versican; Veterinary research
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221126

The utility of cells cultured from the mitral valve as models of myxomatous diseases needs to be properly validated. In this study valve interstitial cells (VICs) and valve endothelial cells (VECs) were cultured from normal and diseased canine mitral valves in 2% (v/v) or 10% FBS media, in the presence of TGFβ1, 2 and 3, the TGFβ RI kinase inhibitor SB431542 and TGFβ neutralising antibodies, 5HT and the 5HT2RB antagonist LY272015. Cultures were examined by morphology, transcriptomic profiling, protein expression of the cell specific markers αSMA and SM22α (VICs), and CD31 (VECs), deposition of proteoglycans (PG), the PG versican, and the TGFβs themselves. VECs derived from normal valves were CD31+/αSMA-, but those from diseased valves were αSMA+, indicating endothelial-to-mesenchymal (EndoMT) transition had occurred. The TGFβs induced EndoMT in normal VECs, and this was abolished by SB431542, with significant changes in αSMA, CD31 and HAS2 expression (P