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Deficiency syndromes in top predators associated with large-scale changes in the Baltic Sea ecosystem

Vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency is an issue periodically affecting a wide range of taxa worldwide. In aquatic pelagic systems, thiamin is mainly produced by bacteria and phytoplankton and is transferred to fish and birds via zooplankton, but there is no general consensus on when or why this transfer...

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Published in:PloS one 2020, Vol.15 (1), p.e0227714
Main Authors: Majaneva, Sanna, Fridolfsson, Emil, Casini, Michele, Legrand, Catherine, Lindehoff, Elin, Margonski, Piotr, Majaneva, Markus, Nilsson, Jonas, Rubene, Gunta, Wasmund, Norbert, Hylander, Samuel
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creator Majaneva, Sanna
Fridolfsson, Emil
Casini, Michele
Legrand, Catherine
Lindehoff, Elin
Margonski, Piotr
Majaneva, Markus
Nilsson, Jonas
Rubene, Gunta
Wasmund, Norbert
Hylander, Samuel
description Vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency is an issue periodically affecting a wide range of taxa worldwide. In aquatic pelagic systems, thiamin is mainly produced by bacteria and phytoplankton and is transferred to fish and birds via zooplankton, but there is no general consensus on when or why this transfer is disrupted. We focus on the occurrence in salmon (Salmo salar) of a thiamin deficiency syndrome (M74), the incidence of which is highly correlated among populations derived from different spawning rivers. Here, we show that M74 in salmon is associated with certain large-scale abiotic changes in the main common feeding area of salmon in the southern Baltic Sea. Years with high M74 incidence were characterized by stagnant periods with relatively low salinity and phosphate and silicate concentrations but high total nitrogen. Consequently, there were major changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton, with, e.g., increased abundances of Cryptophyceae, Dinophyceae, Diatomophyceae and Euglenophyceae and Acartia spp. during high M74 incidence years. The prey fish communities also had increased stocks of both herring and sprat in these years. Overall, this suggests important changes in the entire food web structure and nutritional pathways in the common feeding period during high M74 incidence years. Previous research has emphasized the importance of the abundance of planktivorous fish for the occurrence of M74. By using this 27-year time series, we expand this analysis to the entire ecosystem and discuss potential mechanisms inducing thiamin deficiency in salmon.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0227714
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Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Freely available online</collection><collection>SWEPUB Linnéuniversitetet</collection><collection>SwePub Articles full text</collection><collection>SWEPUB Umeå universitet full text</collection><collection>SWEPUB Umeå universitet</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Majaneva, Sanna</au><au>Fridolfsson, Emil</au><au>Casini, Michele</au><au>Legrand, Catherine</au><au>Lindehoff, Elin</au><au>Margonski, Piotr</au><au>Majaneva, Markus</au><au>Nilsson, Jonas</au><au>Rubene, Gunta</au><au>Wasmund, Norbert</au><au>Hylander, Samuel</au><au>Hsieh, Chih-hao</au><aucorp>Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Deficiency syndromes in top predators associated with large-scale changes in the Baltic Sea ecosystem</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0227714</spage><pages>e0227714-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Vitamin B1 (thiamin) deficiency is an issue periodically affecting a wide range of taxa worldwide. In aquatic pelagic systems, thiamin is mainly produced by bacteria and phytoplankton and is transferred to fish and birds via zooplankton, but there is no general consensus on when or why this transfer is disrupted. We focus on the occurrence in salmon (Salmo salar) of a thiamin deficiency syndrome (M74), the incidence of which is highly correlated among populations derived from different spawning rivers. Here, we show that M74 in salmon is associated with certain large-scale abiotic changes in the main common feeding area of salmon in the southern Baltic Sea. Years with high M74 incidence were characterized by stagnant periods with relatively low salinity and phosphate and silicate concentrations but high total nitrogen. Consequently, there were major changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton, with, e.g., increased abundances of Cryptophyceae, Dinophyceae, Diatomophyceae and Euglenophyceae and Acartia spp. during high M74 incidence years. The prey fish communities also had increased stocks of both herring and sprat in these years. Overall, this suggests important changes in the entire food web structure and nutritional pathways in the common feeding period during high M74 incidence years. Previous research has emphasized the importance of the abundance of planktivorous fish for the occurrence of M74. By using this 27-year time series, we expand this analysis to the entire ecosystem and discuss potential mechanisms inducing thiamin deficiency in salmon.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31917814</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0227714</doi><tpages>e0227714</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0183-2314</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4871-7441</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-5236</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 1932-6203
ispartof PloS one, 2020, Vol.15 (1), p.e0227714
issn 1932-6203
1932-6203
language eng
recordid cdi_plos_journals_2335076824
source NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives; PubMed Central(OpenAccess); Publicly Available Content (ProQuest)
subjects Abundance
Akvatisk ekologi
Analysis
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Animals
Aquatic Ecology
Bacteria
Biology
Biology and Life Sciences
Birds
Earth sciences
Ecological Parameter Monitoring - statistics & numerical data
Ecological Parameter Monitoring - trends
Ecology
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Ecosystem biology
Ecosystems
Ekologi
Environmental changes
Environmental science
Evolution
Feeding
Female
Fish
Fishes
Food Chain
Food chains
Food webs
Hypotheses
Incidence
Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400
Mathematics and natural science: 400
Mortality
Nutrient deficiency
Oceans and Seas
Pelagic zone
Phosphates
Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton - chemistry
Predators
Prey
Rivers
Salinity
Salmo salar
Salmo salar - physiology
Salmon
Silicates
Silicon compounds
Spawning
Taxonomy
Thiamine
Thiamine - metabolism
Thiamine Deficiency - epidemiology
Thiamine Deficiency - etiology
Thiamine Deficiency - veterinary
VDP
Vitamin B
Vitamins
Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480
Zoology and botany: 480
Zooplankton
Zooplankton - chemistry
title Deficiency syndromes in top predators associated with large-scale changes in the Baltic Sea ecosystem
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