100 Ma sweat bee nests: Early and rapid co-diversification of crown bees and flowering plants

100 Ma sweat bee nests reported herein are the oldest evidence of crown bees. A new phylogeny for short-tongued bees, calibrated with these nests dated with 40Ar/39Ar, attests for the first time for a late Albian rapid diversification of bees along with angiosperms. Such hypothesis lacked paleontolo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2020-01, Vol.15 (1), p.e0227789-e0227789
Main Authors: Genise, Jorge Fernando, Bellosi, Eduardo S, Sarzetti, Laura C, Krause, J Marcelo, Dinghi, Pablo A, Sánchez, M Victoria, Umazano, A Martín, Puerta, Pablo, Cantil, Liliana F, Jicha, Brian R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiosperms
Animals
Bees
Bees - anatomy & histology
Bees - genetics
Bees - physiology
Beetles
Biodiversity
Biological Evolution
Biology and Life Sciences
Climate
Computer and Information Sciences
Earth Sciences
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Ecosystem
Ecosystems
Flowering
Flowering plants
Fossils
Fossils - anatomy & histology
Magnoliopsida - anatomy & histology
Magnoliopsida - genetics
Magnoliopsida - physiology
Morphology
Nesting Behavior
Nests
Paleontology
Paleosols
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Plants (botany)
Pollination
Semiarid climates
Soils
Southern Hemisphere
Subhumid climates
Sweat
Temperate climates
Time
Trace fossils
Tunnels
Wasps
Woodlands
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Summary:100 Ma sweat bee nests reported herein are the oldest evidence of crown bees. A new phylogeny for short-tongued bees, calibrated with these nests dated with 40Ar/39Ar, attests for the first time for a late Albian rapid diversification of bees along with angiosperms. Such hypothesis lacked paleontological support until this study. The new ichnospecies Cellicalichnus krausei, which was found along with wasp trace fossils and new beetle trace fossils in the Castillo Formation of Patagonia, represents typical Halictini nests composed of sessile cells that are attached to main tunnels. According to geological, paleosol, paleobotanical, and ichnological data, bees, and angiosperms cohabited in an inland and dry environment comparable to an open dry woodland or savanna, under warm-temperate and semiarid-subhumid climate, in the Southern Hemisphere by the Albian.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0227789