Associations between prenatal serum levels of leptin, IGF-I, and estradiol and adolescent mothers' height gain during and after pregnancy

• Published in: PloS one 2020-02, Vol.15 (2), p.e0228706
• Main Authors: Sámano, Reyna, Martínez-Rojano, Hugo, Chico-Barba, Gabriela, Hernández-Trejo, María, Guzmán, Raymundo, Arteaga-Troncoso, Gabriel, Figueroa-Pérez, Mariana Alejandra, Morales, Rosa María, Martínez, Gabriela
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 17β-Estradiol; Adolescent; Adolescents; Age; Age Determination by Skeleton; Analysis; Bias; Biology and Life Sciences; Births; Bivariate analysis; Body fat; Body Height; Breast feeding; Breastfeeding & lactation; Cohort Studies; Correlation analysis; Developing countries; Diet; Energy intake; Estradiol; Estradiol - blood; Estrogens; Female; Gestation; Gestational Age; Growth hormones; Health care; Hormones; Humans; Industrialized nations; Insulin-like growth factor I; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - analysis; Insulin-like growth factors; LDCs; Leptin; Leptin - blood; Linear Models; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mothers; People and Places; Phenols (Class of compounds); Postpartum; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Prenatal care; Serum levels; Sex hormones; Social Class; Teenage pregnancy; Teenagers; Womens health
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228706

Mexico is within the top three Latin American countries with the highest proportion of adolescent pregnancies while being in the lowest ten Latin American countries in terms of height. It is still unclear how much growth in adolescence is affected by pregnancy; therefore, this study was designed to study the association between prenatal serum concentrations of leptin, IGF-I, and estradiol and the increase in the height of a group of pregnant adolescents between the 28th week of gestation to one year postpartum. We conducted a cohort study from 2009 to 2017 in pregnant adolescents in their third trimester of pregnancy receiving prenatal care at Mexico's National Institute of Perinatology. Data on hormones, other covariates, and confounding variables were analyzed through bivariate analysis and then a linear univariate analysis. Our patients were an average of 15.5±1 years and gained an average of 9.5 mm during the study period. A Pearson's correlation showed a positive and significant height increase between height and leptin and IGF-I, and negative between height and estradiol. The general linear model (adjusted by age, bone age, gynecological age, parent's stature, breastfeeding, body fat, energy intake, and BMI) found that leptin and estradiol serum concentrations explained 39.6% of height increase; IGF-I did not have any predictive effect. Leptin and estradiol concentrations in the third trimester of pregnancy are associated with increased height in our group of teenage mothers. No effect association was observed between height and IGF-I concentrations.