Salivary and serum interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without periodontitis

• Published in: PloS one 2020-02, Vol.15 (2), p.e0228921-e0228921
• Main Authors: Techatanawat, Suteera, Surarit, Rudee, Chairatvit, Kongthawat, Khovidhunkit, Weerapan, Roytrakul, Sittiruk, Thanakun, Supanee, Kobayashi, Hiroaki, Khovidhunkit, Siribang-On Piboonniyom, Izumi, Yuichi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biology; Biology and Life Sciences; Cytokines; Dentistry; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Glucose; Gum disease; Hemoglobin; Hospitals; Inflammation; Interleukin 18; Medicine; Medicine and Health Sciences; Pathogenesis; Periodontics; Periodontitis; Physical Sciences; Regression analysis; Research and Analysis Methods; Serum levels; Studies; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228921

Interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-18 have been proposed to play important roles in periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), but human data are conflicting. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of IL-17A and IL-18 in periodontitis and DM by measuring salivary and serum levels, respectively. A total of 49 participants with type 2 DM and 25 control subjects without type 2 DM were recruited. A periodontal screening and recording (PSR) index (0, 1-2, 3, and 4) was used to classify whether these subjects had periodontitis. Salivary and serum IL-17A and IL-18 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between these cytokines and clinical parameters. Salivary IL-17A levels were not significantly different between patients with DM and controls, however, the levels were significantly higher in controls with periodontitis than those without periodontitis (p = 0.031). Salivary IL-17A levels were significantly associated with the PSR index (β = 0.369, p = 0.011). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed the association of salivary IL-18 levels and fasting plasma glucose (β = 0.270, p = 0.022) whereas serum IL-18 levels were associated with HbA1C (β = 0.293, p = 0.017). No correlation between salivary and serum levels of IL-17A and IL-18 was found. Salivary IL-17A was strongly associated with periodontitis, whereas salivary IL-18 was associated with FPG and serum IL-18 was associated with HbA1C. These results suggest the role of these cytokines in periodontal inflammation and DM.