Immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in swine and protection against subsequent infection

Understanding the immune responses against Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is important to prevent infection and to design control strategies. We evaluated both systemic and mucosal immune responses to PEDV in pigs and assessed if prior exposure to virus protects against re-infection. Three-w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2020-04, Vol.15 (4), p.e0231723
Main Authors: Krishna, Venkatramana D, Kim, Yonghyan, Yang, My, Vannucci, Fabio, Molitor, Thomas, Torremorell, Montserrat, Cheeran, Maxim C-J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Antigens
B cells
Biology and Life Sciences
CD4 antigen
CD8 antigen
Diarrhea
Diseases
Epidemics
Evaluation
Exposure
Flow cytometry
Hogs
Immune response
Immune response (humoral)
Immune system
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin G
Immunological memory
Infection
Infections
Intestine
Laboratory animals
Livestock
Lymph nodes
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes B
Lymphocytes T
Medicine and Health Sciences
Memory cells
Mortality
Mucosal immunity
Population
Research and Analysis Methods
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
Shedding
Swine
T cells
Transmissible gastroenteritis
Vaccines
Veterinary colleges
Veterinary medicine
Viruses
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Summary:Understanding the immune responses against Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is important to prevent infection and to design control strategies. We evaluated both systemic and mucosal immune responses to PEDV in pigs and assessed if prior exposure to virus protects against re-infection. Three-week-old pigs were infected with PEDV and immune response in blood, intestine, and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) was evaluated. At 30 dpi, virus exposed pigs were challenged with a field isolate of PEDV and immune response at 5 d post challenge was evaluated. We found that PEDV RNA persists in the intestine even after fecal shedding of the virus was stopped at 28 dpi and pigs previously exposed to PEDV are protected from virus shedding after re-infection. PEDV infection induced both humoral and cell mediated immune response with an increase in PEDV specific IgA and IgG antibodies in intestine and serum. Flow cytometry analysis showed a significantly higher frequency of B cells and lower frequency of T cells at 4 dpi. The frequency of CD4/CD8 double positive (DP) memory T cells was significantly increased in the MLN of challenged animals. These studies may provide further insights into understanding the mucosal immune response to PEDV and its role in protection against disease.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0231723