Evaluation of benzocaine-based anesthetic gel in anuran skins extracts: A case study using the frog Lithodytes lineatus (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Extracts made from the skin of dead Lithodytes lineatus frog individuals with the application of the benzocaine-based anesthetic gel, introduced into the oral cavity, were analyzed by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to investigate whether the application of this product (oral) can make studies that us...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2020-12, Vol.15 (12), p.e0243654-e0243654
Main Authors: Barros, André de Lima, Lima, Albertina Pimentel, Fachin-Espinar, Maria Teresa, Nunez, Cecilia Veronica
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amphibians
Anesthetics - administration & dosage
Anesthetics - analysis
Animal experimentation
Animals
Anura
Benzocaine
Benzocaine - administration & dosage
Benzocaine - analysis
Bioassays
Biology and Life Sciences
Case reports
Chemical composition
Cluster analysis
Clustering
Collagen
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Frogs
Gold-striped frog
Lethal dose
Lithodytes lineatus
Magnetic resonance
Mass spectrometry
Medicine and Health Sciences
Methods
NMR
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Oral cavity
Physical Sciences
Physiological aspects
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Research and Analysis Methods
Scientific imaging
Skin
Skin - chemistry
Solvents
Specimen Handling - methods
Tissue extracts
Tissue Extracts - analysis
Tissue Extracts - chemistry
Topical analgesics
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Summary:Extracts made from the skin of dead Lithodytes lineatus frog individuals with the application of the benzocaine-based anesthetic gel, introduced into the oral cavity, were analyzed by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to investigate whether the application of this product (oral) can make studies that use extracts from the skins of these animals unfeasible. For comparison, we used skins of another species of anuran following the same death protocol. No trace of the benzocaine substance was found in the 1H-NMR spectra of the skin extracts from any of the tested anuran species. Still, using the hierarchical clustering model, it was possible to observe the formation of well-defined groups between the skin extracts of anurans and the anesthetic used to kill these animals. Our results suggest that the lethal dose of benzocaine in gel used inside the mouth of frogs may have no influence on potential results regarding the chemical composition or even bioassays using extracts made from the skin of these animals killed under this protocol since there was no detection of this substance for the analyzed samples.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0243654