Minimizing isotropic and deviatoric membrane energy - An unifying formation mechanism of different cellular membrane nanovesicle types

Tiny membrane-enclosed cellular fragments that can mediate interactions between cells and organisms have recently become a subject of increasing attention. In this work the mechanism of formation of cell membrane nanovesicles (CNVs) was studied experimentally and theoretically. CNVs were isolated by...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2020-12, Vol.15 (12), p.e0244796-e0244796
Main Authors: Kralj-Iglič, Veronika, Pocsfalvi, Gabriella, Mesarec, Luka, Šuštar, Vid, Hägerstrand, Henry, Iglič, Aleš
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Animals
Apoptosis - physiology
Biological membranes
Biological properties
Biological samples
Biology and Life Sciences
Cell interaction
Cell interactions
Cell Line
Cell Membrane - ultrastructure
Cell membranes
Cell organelles
Councils
Dogs
Electrical engineering
Erythrocyte Membrane - ultrastructure
Extracellular Vesicles - ultrastructure
Funding
Heterogeneity
Kidney - cytology
Kidney - ultrastructure
Laboratories
Mathematical models
Microorganisms
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Models, Biological
Physical Sciences
Physics
Physiological aspects
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Summary:Tiny membrane-enclosed cellular fragments that can mediate interactions between cells and organisms have recently become a subject of increasing attention. In this work the mechanism of formation of cell membrane nanovesicles (CNVs) was studied experimentally and theoretically. CNVs were isolated by centrifugation and washing of blood cells and observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The shape of the biological membrane in the budding process, as observed in phospholipid vesicles, in erythrocytes and in CNVs, was described by an unifying model. Taking the mean curvature h and the curvature deviator d of the membrane surface as the relevant parameters, the shape and the distribution of membrane constituents were determined theoretically by minimization of membrane free energy. Considering these results and previous results on vesiculation of red blood cells it was interpreted that the budding processes may lead to formation of different types of CNVs as regards the compartment (exo/endovesicles), shape (spherical/tubular/torocytic) and composition (enriched/depleted in particular kinds of molecules). It was concluded that the specificity of pinched off nanovesicles derives from the shape of the membrane constituents and not primarily from their chemical identity, which explains evidences on great heterogeneity of isolated extracellular vesicles with respect to composition.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0244796