A community survey of coverage and adverse events following country-wide triple-drug mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination, Samoa 2018

• Published in: PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2020-11, Vol.14 (11), p.e0008854
• Main Authors: Willis, Gabriela A, Mayfield, Helen J, Kearns, Therese, Naseri, Take, Thomsen, Robert, Gass, Katherine, Sheridan, Sarah, Graves, Patricia M, Lau, Colleen L
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Albendazole; Albendazole - administration & dosage; Albendazole - adverse effects; Allergic reactions; Allergies; Animals; Biology and Life Sciences; Children; Community; Diethylcarbamazine - administration & dosage; Diethylcarbamazine - adverse effects; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs; Earth Sciences; Elephantiasis, Filarial - drug therapy; Elephantiasis, Filarial - prevention & control; Epilepsy; Female; Filariasis; Filaricides - administration & dosage; Filaricides - adverse effects; Health care facilities; Health surveillance; Heart; Humans; Investigations; Ivermectin; Ivermectin - administration & dosage; Ivermectin - adverse effects; Lethargy; Lymphedema; Male; Mass Drug Administration - adverse effects; Mass Drug Administration - statistics & numerical data; Medicine and Health Sciences; Onchocerciasis; People and Places; Population; Pregnancy; Program Evaluation; Public health; Research and Analysis Methods; Samoa; Seizures; Surveying; Symptoms; Tablets; Tropical diseases; Vector-borne diseases; Women; Worms; Wuchereria bancrofti - isolation & purification
• ISSN: 1935-2735; 1935-2727; 1935-2735
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008854

The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis has made considerable progress but is experiencing challenges in meeting targets in some countries. Recent World Health Organization guidelines have recommended two rounds of triple-drug therapy with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine (DEC), and albendazole (IDA), in areas where mass drug administration (MDA) results with two drugs (DEC and albendazole) have been suboptimal, as is the case in Samoa. In August 2018, Samoa was the first country in the world to implement countrywide triple-drug MDA. This paper aims to describe Samoa's experience with program coverage and adverse events (AEs) in the first round of triple-drug MDA. We conducted a large cross-sectional community survey to assess MDA awareness, reach, compliance, coverage and AEs in September/October 2018, 7-11 weeks after the first round of triple-drug MDA. In our sample of 4420 people aged ≥2 years (2.2% of the population), age-adjusted estimates indicated that 89.0% of the eligible population were offered MDA, 83.9% of the eligible population took MDA (program coverage), and 80.2% of the total population took MDA (epidemiological coverage). Overall, 83.8% (2986/3563) reported that they did not feel unwell at all after taking MDA. Mild AEs (feeling unwell but able to do normal everyday things) were reported by 13.3% (476/3563) and moderate or severe AEs (feeling unwell and being unable to do normal everyday activities such as going to work or school) by 2.9% (103/3563) of participants. This study following the 2018 triple-drug MDA in Samoa demonstrated a high reported program awareness and reach of 90.8% and 89.0%, respectively. Age-adjusted program coverage of 83.9% of the total population showed that MDA was well accepted and well tolerated by the community.