Hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite powders using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-[Ca10 (PO4)6(OH) 2] has a similar chemical composition to bone material, making it the main mineral supplement in bone-making. Due to its high biocompatibility, hydroxyapatite is widely used in the repair of bone deficiencies and in the production of dental or orthopedic implant...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one 2021-05, Vol.16 (5), p.e0251009-e0251009
Main Authors: Ebrahimi, Shamsi, Stephen Sipaut Mohd Nasri, Coswald, Bin Arshad, Sazmal Effendi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ammonia
Ammonium
Biocompatibility
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomedical materials
Biotechnology
Blood plasma
Body fluids
Bone grafts
Calcium
Calcium nitrate
Calcium phosphates
Chemical engineering
Deionization
Design of experiments
Editing
Engineering and Technology
Ethanol
Functional groups
Hydrogen
Hydroxyapatite
Impurities
In vitro methods and tests
Infrared spectroscopy
Methods
Morphology
Nanoparticles
Natural resources
Nitrates
Nitric acid
Physical Sciences
Research and Analysis Methods
Response surface methodology
Response surfaces (Statistics)
Reviews
Sample preparation
Skeleton
Spectroscopy
Spectrum analysis
Substitute bone
Tissue engineering
Variables
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Summary:Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-[Ca10 (PO4)6(OH) 2] has a similar chemical composition to bone material, making it the main mineral supplement in bone-making. Due to its high biocompatibility, hydroxyapatite is widely used in the repair of bone deficiencies and in the production of dental or orthopedic implants. In this research, hydroxyapatite nanopowder was synthesized using a hydrothermal technique. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the chemical structure and morphology of the synthesized hydroxyapatite powder. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to evaluate the phase analysis of HAp nanopowder. In addition, bioactivity HAp assessment was conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) attached with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was used in order to determine the optimal conditions for yield, size, and crystallinity. Three independent variables (pH, temperature, and hydrothermal treatment time) were investigated. The yield was observed to increase in alkaline conditions; pH showed the greatest influence on the yield, size, and crystallinity of the synthesized hydroxyapatite, based on Analysis of Variance. The results of bioactivity evaluation are showed high bioactivity due to the formation of apatite on the surface of the synthesized nanopowder.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0251009