Mutagenicity evaluation to UV filters of benzophenone-6, benzophenone-8, and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor by Ames test

• Published in: PloS one 2021-09, Vol.16 (9), p.e0255504
• Main Authors: Zhang, Jing, Pei, Zhou-Tao, Zhao, Ya-Ni, Zhang, Meng, Zhang, Li-Ling, Wang, Wen-Qiang, Wu, Jing-Ya, Yu, Ran, Sun, Li-Wei
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ames test; Animals; Benzophenone; Benzophenones - toxicity; Biodegradation; Biological Assay; Biology and Life Sciences; Camphor; Camphor - analogs & derivatives; Camphor - toxicity; Chemical properties; Chemicals; Consumer products; Cosmetics; Drinking water; Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Energy; Engineering and Technology; Engineering research; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Evaluation; Experiments; Filters; Gene expression; Humans; Medicine and Health Sciences; Microsomes, Liver - drug effects; Mutagenesis - drug effects; Mutagenicity; Mutagenicity testing; Mutagenicity Tests - methods; Mutation; Personal grooming; Physical Sciences; Pollutants; Rats; Receiving waters; Salmonella; Salmonella typhimurium - drug effects; Salmonella typhimurium - genetics; Sewage treatment plants; Solvents; Sunscreening Agents - toxicity; Toiletries; Ultraviolet filters; Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255504

Benzophenone (BPs) and 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor are used as ultraviolet (UV) filters to protect the skin and hair in personal care products. The discharging of the three chemicals may endanger the receiving water ecosystem. In the present study, the mutagenicity of BP-6, BP-8, and 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor was tested using the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation test (Ames test) in the system with and without rat liver microsomal preparations (S9). Four S.typhimurium strains, TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102 were employed in the Ames tests. The mutagenicity was detected from all three chemicals. The addition of S9 increased the mutation ratios of three chemicals to four strains, except BP-6 to TA100 strain and 4-MBC to TA97 and TA98 strain. In the mixed experiment, all positive effects were detected in the absence of S9. However, the results all became negative in the presence of S9. For the mixture of BP-6 and 4-MBC, positive results were detected on four tester strains except for the TA100 strain. For the mixture of BP-6, BP-8, and 4-MBC, positive results were detected on four strains. The mixture test results showed antagonism in mutagenicity for the mixture of BP-6 and 4-MBC to TA98 and TA100 strains and the mixture of BP-6, BP-8, and 4-MBC to TA100 and TA102 strains.